CMR : \(\sqrt{n}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\) với n ≥2; n ϵ Z+
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Bạn ghi sai đề à? Số đầu tiên phải là \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}\) chứ sao là \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\), mặc dù đề như vậy làm vẫn được nhưng chắc chẳng ai cho dãy quy luật kiểu đó
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)\)
Ta chứng minh \(2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)>\sqrt{n}\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{n+1}>\sqrt{n}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(n+1\right)>n+4+4\sqrt{n}\Leftrightarrow3n>4\sqrt{n}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n}>\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n>\dfrac{16}{9}\) (đúng với mọi \(n\ge2\) )
Vậy \(A>\sqrt{n}\)
- Ta chứng minh tiếp \(A< 2\sqrt{n}\)
\(A=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=1+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1+2\left(\sqrt{n}-1\right)=2\sqrt{n}-1< 2\sqrt{n}\) (đpcm)
Vậy: \(\sqrt{n}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\sqrt{n}\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâmtran nguyen bao quanBạch Tuyên NghiNguyễn Thanh Hằng help me
bai 1
(n+1)√n=√n^3+√n>2√(n^3.n)=2n^2>2(n^2-1)=2(n-1)(n+1)
1/[(n+1)√n]<1/[2(n-1)(n+1)]=1/4.[2/(n-1)(n+1)]
A=..
n =1 yes
n>1
A<1+1/4[2/1.3+2/3.5+..+2/(n-1)(n+1)
A<1+1/4[ 2-1/(n+1)]<1+1/2<2=>dpcm
Câu a : Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{2}\right)}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{-1}=-1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{-1}=-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\)
.....................
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2-1}-\sqrt{n^2}}{\left(\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}\right)\left(\sqrt{n^2-1}-\sqrt{n^2}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2-1}-\sqrt{n^2}}{-1}=-\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}\)
Thay vào ta được :
\(S=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}=-1+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-...........-\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}\)
\(=-1+\sqrt{n^2}\)
Câu b:
Đặt biểu thức đã cho là $A$
Ta có:
\(A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}\right)+...+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-2}+\sqrt{n^2-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A> \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-1}+\sqrt{n^2}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A> \frac{1}{2}(n-1)\) (áp dụng cách tính toán phần a)
Lại có:
\(A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{0+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\right)+....+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-3}+\sqrt{n^2-2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-2}+\sqrt{n^2-1}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{0+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2-2}+\sqrt{n^2-1}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{\sqrt{n^2-1}}{2}\) (áp dụng cách tính toán của phần a)
Vậy \(\frac{\sqrt{n^2-1}}{2}> A> \frac{n-1}{2}\) hay \(\sqrt{t(t+1)}> A> t\) (đặt \(n=2t+1\) )
Mà \(\sqrt{t(t+1)}< \sqrt{(t+1)(t+1)}=t+1\)
Do đó: \(t+1> A> t\)
\(\Rightarrow \lfloor{A}\rfloor=t=\frac{n}{2}\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(A>2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(A>2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)
\(A>2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)\)
Cần cm:\(2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)>\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(n+1\right)+4-8\sqrt{n+1}>n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3n+8>8\sqrt{n+1}\)
Lại có:\(8\sqrt{n+1}\le2\left(n+1\right)+8=2n+10\le3n+8\)(AM-GM)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra
=>đpcm