cho : \(\dfrac{y+z-2015x}{x}\)=\(\dfrac{z+x-2015y}{y}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y-2015z}{z}\)
tính P= (1+\(\dfrac{x}{y}\))(1+\(\dfrac{y}{z}\))(1+\(\dfrac{z}{x}\))
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Lời giải:
Nếu $x+y+z=0$ thì:
$\frac{x+y-z}{z}=\frac{-z-z}{z}=-2$
$\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{-x-x}{x}=-2$
$\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{-y-y}{y}=-2$
(thỏa mãn đkđb)
Khi đó:
$P=(1+\frac{x}{y})(1+\frac{y}{z})(1+\frac{z}{x})=\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}{xyz}$
$=\frac{(-z)(-x)(-y)}{xyz}=\frac{-xyz}{xyz}=-1$
Nếu $x+y+z\neq 0$
Áp dụng TCDTSBN:
$\frac{x+y-z}{z}=\frac{y+z-x}{x}=\frac{z+x-y}{y}=\frac{x+y-z+y+z-x+z+x-y}{z+x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1$
$\Rightarrow x+y=2z; y+z=2x, z+x=2y$. Khi đó:
$P=\frac{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}{xyz}=\frac{2z.2x.2y}{xyz}=8$
\(\dfrac{x+y-2017z}{z}=\dfrac{y+z-2017x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-2017y}{y}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{z}-2017=\dfrac{z+y}{x}-2017=\dfrac{z+x}{y}-2017\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\dfrac{z+y}{x}=\dfrac{z+x}{y}\)
đặt x+y+z = t
=> \(\dfrac{t-z}{z}=\dfrac{t-x}{x}=\dfrac{t-y}{y}< =>\dfrac{t}{z}-1=\dfrac{t}{x}-1=\dfrac{t}{y}-1\) \(< =>\dfrac{t}{z}=\dfrac{t}{y}=\dfrac{t}{x}\)
=> x=y=z
ta lại có
\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{y}\right)\)
vì x=y=z => P = \(\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Lời giải:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y-z}\Leftrightarrow \frac{x+y}{xy}=\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x+y-z}=\frac{x+y}{z(x+y-z)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(\frac{1}{xy}-\frac{1}{z(x+y-z)})=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{z(x+y-z)-xy}{xyz(x+y-z)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y).\frac{(z-x)(y-z)}{xyz(x+y-z)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y)(z-x)(y-z)=0\)
Xét các TH sau:
TH1: $x+y=0$. TH này loại do ĐKXĐ $x,y>0$
TH2: $z-x=0\Leftrightarrow z=x$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{y}=\frac{2020}{2021}$
\(M=\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{y}}=2\sqrt{\frac{2020}{2021}}\)
TH3: $y-z=0$ tương tự TH2, ta có \(M=2\sqrt{\frac{2020}{2021}}\)
từ đề bài ta có bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(3+\dfrac{z}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
ta có \(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+z}\le\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{z+y}{4x}+\dfrac{x+z}{4y}+\dfrac{x+y}{4z}=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=\(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
* Có BĐT : \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) với $x,y>0$ ( Chứng minh bằng xét hiệu )
Ta có BĐT : \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{x^2+y^2}\le\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{x+y}\)
Chứng minh tương tự khi đó :
\(P\le\dfrac{2}{x+y}+\dfrac{2}{y+z}+\dfrac{2}{z+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow2P\le\dfrac{4}{x+y}+\dfrac{4}{y+z}+\dfrac{4}{z+x}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}=2.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=4032\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2016\)
ta có :\(\dfrac{y+z-2015x}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-2015y}{y}=\dfrac{z+y-2015z}{z}\)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{y+z-2015}{x}+2016\right)=\left(\dfrac{z+x-2015y}{y}+2016\right)=\left(\dfrac{x+y-2015z}{z}+2016\right)\)
(=)\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{x}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{y}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{z}\)
*Nếu x+y+z\(\ne\)0
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-z\\x+z=-y\\y+z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)=1.1.1=1
*Nếu x+y+z=0
=>x=y=z
=>\(P=\left(1+\dfrac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)=2.2.2=8
Thank you!