Tính [ion] các chất có trong dung dịch sau đây:
a. Dd Cu(NO3)2 0,3 M.
b. Hòa tan 4,9g H2SO4 vào nước thu được 200 ml dung dịch.
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a) Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{58,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)=\left[Na^+\right]=\left[Cl^-\right]\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{34,2}{171}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=0,4\left(M\right)\\\left[OH^-\right]=0,8\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,025\cdot2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,125+0,025}\approx0,33\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[H^+\right]=0,66\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=0,33\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khj cho B td H2SO4 ko co chat khj thoat ra chung to Al va Zn da pu het.
nCu(NO3)2=0,03=>nCu[+2]=0,03.
nAgNO3=0,01=>nAg+=0,01
goi x,y la so mol Al,Zn.
Al>Al[+3]+3e
Zn>Zn[+2]+2e
=>ne nhuog=3x+2y
Cu[+2]+2e>Cu
Ag+ + 1e>Ag
=>ne nhan=0,03.2+0,01=0,07
theo dlbt e=>3x+2y=0,07
27x+65y=1,57
=>x=0,01,y=0,02
=>nAl(NO3)3=0,01
=>mAl(NO3)3=2,13g
nZn(NO3)2=nZn[+2]=0,02=>mZn(NO3)2=3,78g
khoi luog Cu va Ag la=0,03.64+0,01.108=3g
=>kl dd giam la 3-1,57=1,43
=>kl dd luc sau la 101,43-1,43=100g
=>C%Al(NO3)3=2,13/100=2,13%
C%Zn(NO3)2=3,78%
a)
Gọi $n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$CuO + 2HNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + H_2O$
$3Mg + 8HNO_3 \to 3Mg(NO_3)_2 + 2NO + 4H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HNO_3} = 2a + \dfrac{8}{3}b = 0,2.3 = 0,6(mol)$
$n_{NO} = \dfrac{2}{3}b = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)$
Suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,075
$m = 0,2.80 + 0,075.24 = 17,8(gam)$
b)
$C_{M_{Cu(NO_3)_2}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,2} = 1M$
$C_{M_{Mg(NO_3)_2}} = \dfrac{0,075}{0,2} = 0,375M$
a, \(\left[Ca^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,15.0,5}{0,15+0,05}=0,375M\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,05.2}{0,15+0,05}=0,5M\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,15.2.0,5+0,05.2}{0,15+0,05}=1,25M\)
\(a,m_{rắn}=m_{Cu}=2,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{\left(Zn,Fe\right)}=12-2,7=9,3\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right),n_{axit}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\Rightarrow axit.dư\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65+56b=9,3\\a+b=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{2,7}{12}.100=22,5\%\\ \%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{12}.100\approx54,167\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{12}.100\approx23,333\%\)
\(b,ddA:FeCl_2,ZnCl_2,H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=200.1,14=228\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddA}=m_{\left(Zn,Fe\right)}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=9,3+228-0,15.2=237\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136.0,1}{237}.100\approx5,738\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.0,05}{237}.100\approx2,679\%\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,4-0,15\right).98}{237}.100\approx10,338\%\)
Đã sửa lần cuối lúc 20:45
Đáp án B
nCu = nCuO = x; nCu(NO3)2 = y
Dung dịch X chỉ chứa 1 chất tan (CuSO4) => Ion NO3- đã hết
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3-→ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
3y ← 8y ← 2y
O2- + 2H+→ H2O
x → 2x
=> %mCu = 30,968% => Chọn B.
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Cu^{2+}\right]=C_{M_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=0,3\left(M\right)\\\left[NO_3^-\right]=2C_{M_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=0,6\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,9}{98}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[H^+\right]=0,5\left(M\right)\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=0,25\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)