Giải phương trình
\(4\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-5x+14\)
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a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne-1\)
\(x^2+5x+2=\left(2x+2\right)\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+2\right)-2\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+4x=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+x+2}=t>0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2-2\left(x+1\right)t+4x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t\left(t-2x\right)-2\left(t-2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(t-2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=2\\t=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+2}=2\\\sqrt{x^2+x+2}=2x\left(x\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+2=4\\x^2+x+2=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(x^2-5x+14-4\sqrt{x+1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq -1$
PT $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-6x+9)+[(x+1)-4\sqrt{x+1}+4]=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-3)^2+(\sqrt{x+1}-2)^2=0$
Vì $(x-3)^2; (\sqrt{x+1}-2)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x\geq -1$
Do đó để tổng của chúng $=0$ thì:
$(x-3)^2=(\sqrt{x+1}-2)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=3$ (tm)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{3}=x+2\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^2=x^2+4x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2-4x-4=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-2=0\\ \Delta=4+8=12\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2-2\sqrt{3}}{2}=1-\sqrt{3}\\x=\dfrac{2+2\sqrt{3}}{2}=1+\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow3x-2=7-4\sqrt{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=9-4\sqrt{3}\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9-4\sqrt{3}}{3}\left(tm\right)\)
\(c,ĐK:x\ge-1\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4\right)+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=2\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=4\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=3\left(tm\right)\)
Câu a:
ĐKXĐ: \(x\geq 1\)
\(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{5x-1}=\sqrt{3x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{3x-2}+\sqrt{5x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=8x-3+2\sqrt{(3x-2)(5x-1)}\) (bình phương 2 vế)
\(\Leftrightarrow 7x-2+2\sqrt{(3x-2)(5x-1)}=0\)
(Vô lý với mọi \(x\geq 1\) )
Do đó PT vô nghiệm.
Câu b)
PT \(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{3(x^2+2x+1)+4}+\sqrt{5(x^2+2x+1)+9}=5-(x^2+2x+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{3(x+1)^2+4}+\sqrt{5(x+1)^2+9}=5-(x+1)^2\)
Vì \((x+1)^2\geq 0, \forall x\) nên:
\(\sqrt{3(x+1)^2+4}\geq \sqrt{4}=2\)
\(\sqrt{5(x+1)^2+9}\geq \sqrt{9}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{3(x+1)^2+4}+\sqrt{5(x+1)^2+9}\geq 5(1)\)
Mặt khác ta cũng có: \(5-(x+1)^2\leq 5-0=5(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \sqrt{3(x+1)^2+4}+\sqrt{5(x+1)^2+9}\geq 5\geq 5-(x+1)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $(x+1)^2=0$ hay $x=-1$ (thỏa mãn)
Vậy pt có nghiệm $x=-1$
\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x+3\right|=3x-6\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=3x-6\left(x\ge-3\right)\\x+3=6-3x\left(x< -3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{2}\\ b,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left|2x-1\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2x-1\\1-x=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=25x^2-20x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow25x^2-15x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x\left(5x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=0\\ d,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=2-5x\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
Ta có x2−5x+14≐(x−3)2+x+5≥x+5≥x+1+4≥4√x+1x2−5x+14≐(x−3)2+x+5≥x+5≥x+1+4≥4x+1
⇒VT≥VP⇒VT≥VP
Để VT=VP thì x=3.(dấu "=" xảy ra)
ĐK: x + 1 ≥ 0 <=> x ≥ - 1
<=> 16( x + 1) = x4 + 25x2 + 196 - 10x3 + 28x2 - 140x
<=> 16x + 16 = x4 - 10x3 + 53x2 - 140x +196
<=> x4 - 10x3 + 53x2 - 156x + 180 = 0
<=> ( x - 3)2(x2 - 4x + 20 ) = 0
<=> x = 3