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- Chuẩn bị và điều chế Fe(OH)2:
\(2Na+2H_2O--->2NaOH+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2NaOH+FeCl_2--->Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
- Chuẩn bị và điều chế Fe(OH)3:
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2\overset{t^o}{--->}FeO+H_2O\)
\(FeO+H_2\overset{t^o}{--->}Fe+H_2O\)
\(FeCl_2\overset{t^o}{--->}Fe+Cl_2\)
\(2FeCl_2+Cl_2\overset{t^o}{--->}2FeCl_3\)
\(1,PTHH:2Na+2H_2O\xrightarrow[]{}2NaOH+H_2\\2, n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Na+2H_2O\xrightarrow[]{}2NaOH+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ 3.n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{NaOH}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1 :
a) $2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow n_{Na} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{Na} = 0,5.23 = 11,5(gam)$
c) $n_{NaOH} = n_{Na} = 0,5(mol)$
$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,2} = 2,5M$
$m_{H_2O} = D.V = 200.1 = 200(gam)$
$m_{dd} = 11,5 + 200 - 0,25.2 = 211(gam)$
$C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,5.40}{211}.100\% = 9,48\%$
Bài 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2.20\%}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Al_2O_3\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{4}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ \Rightarrow Sau.p.ứng:Al_2O_3,O_2dư,N_2\\ n_{N_2}=\dfrac{80}{20}.0,1=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{N_2}=28.0,4=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1-\dfrac{3}{4}.0,1=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,025.32=0,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=102.0,05=5,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a.2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ b.0,5.......0,5.........0,5..........0,25\left(mol\right)\\ b.m_{Na}=0,5.23=11,5\left(g\right)\\ c.C\%_{ddA}=C\%_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.40}{0,5.23+200.1-0,25.2}.100\approx9,479\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O ---> 2NaOH + H2↑
b. Ta có: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{97,8}{18}=5,43\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{5,43}{2}\)
=> H2O dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Na}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(lít\right)\)
c. Ta có: \(m_{dd_{NaOH}}=2,3+97,8=100,1\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaOH}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{4}{100,1}.100\%=3,996\%\)
\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{6,9}{23}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ddsaup.ứ}=m_{Na}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=6,9+100-0,15.2=106,6\left(g\right)\)
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,2 0,1
\(NaO+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b)\(m_{Na}=0,2\cdot23=4,6g\)
\(m_{NaO}=m_{hh}-m_{Na}=40,5-4,6=35,9g\)
c)\(n_{NaO}=\dfrac{35,9}{39}=0,92mol\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=2n_{NaO}=1,84mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=1,84\cdot40=73,6g\)
pt 2Na+2H20-->2NaOH+H2
ta có nNa=3,45:23=0,15 mol
nH2O=200/18=100/9 mol
theo pt thì H2O dư
theo pt nNAOH=nNa=0,15 mol \(\Rightarrow\)mNAOH=0,15*40=6mol
theo pt nH2=1/2nNa=0,075 mol\(\Rightarrow\)mh2=0,15 mol
mdd sau pứ =3,45+200-0,15=203,3 mol
C%NaOH=6:203,3*100%=3%
CÂU C MÌNH K BIẾT ĐÚNG KHÔNG NỮA ....
c,
mdd sau phản ứng=mNa+mH20-mH2
=3,45+200-0,075.2=203,3g
=>C%=(0,15.40).100/203,3=2,95%
Vậy C%=2,95%