Tìm a, b, c
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\) và a2 +3b2 - 2c2 = -16
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a) \(\dfrac{a}{5}=\dfrac{b}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{25}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2}{25-16}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{9}\\b^2=\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot16=\dfrac{16}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5}{3};b=\dfrac{4}{3}\\a=\dfrac{-5}{3};b=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{5}{3};\dfrac{4}{3}\right);\left(-\dfrac{5}{3};-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\right\}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}\)
Áp dụng tính chất DTSBN :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=4.4=16\\b^2=4.9=36\\c^2=4,16=64\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4;=6;c=8\\a=-4;b=-6;c=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy (a;b;c) \(\in\left\{\left(4;6;8\right);\left(-4;-6;-8\right)\right\}\)
Sửa \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=k\Rightarrow a=2k;b=3k;c=4k\)
\(a^2-b^2+2c^2=108\\ \Rightarrow4k^2-9k^2+32k^2=108\\ \Rightarrow27k^2=108\Rightarrow k^2=4\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=2\\k=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4;y=6;z=8\\x=-4;y=-6;z=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=\dfrac{a^2}{2^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{3^2}=\dfrac{2c^2}{2.4^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}\)
Áp dụng tcdtsbn , ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2-b^2+2c^2}{4-9+32}=\dfrac{108}{27}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=8\\b=12\\c=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau:
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+x+2}\ge\dfrac{-x^2+3}{8}\) với \(x>0\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(x^2-3\right)\left(x^3+x+2\right)+8\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^3+2x^2+x+2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{-a^2+3}{8}+\dfrac{-b^2+3}{8}+\dfrac{-c^2+3}{8}=\dfrac{9-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{8}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt a/2=b/3=c/4=k
=>a=2k; b=3k; c=4k
Ta có: \(a^2+3b^2-2c^2=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4k^2+27k^2-32k^2=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2=16\)
Trường hợp 1: k=4
=>a=8; b=12; c=16
Trường hợp 2: k=-4
=>a=-8; b=-12; c=-16
Ta có:\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{x}{2};\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{y}{3};\dfrac{z^2}{25}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)
Aps dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằn nhau:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{2-3+5}=\dfrac{4}{4}=1\)
=>\(\dfrac{x}{2}=1=>x=2\)
\(\dfrac{y}{3}=1=>y=3\)
\(\dfrac{z}{5}=1=>z=5\)
Vậy x=2, y=3, z=5
Ta có : \(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được :
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=\dfrac{x-y+z}{2-3+5}=\dfrac{4}{4}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2;y=3;z=5\)
\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3+c^2}+\dfrac{b^3+c^2}{4}+\dfrac{a^4}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^9.\left(b^3+c^2\right)}{8\left(b^3+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{3a^3}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(\Rightarrow M-\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{2}+\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\left(a^3+a^3+1\right)+\left(b^3+b^3+1\right)+\left(c^3+c^3+1\right)\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge9\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}-\dfrac{3}{4}=...\)
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{4}=\dfrac{b^2}{9}=\dfrac{c^2}{16}=\dfrac{3b^2}{27}=\dfrac{2c^2}{32}=\dfrac{a^2+3b^2-2c^2}{4+27-32}=\dfrac{-16}{-1}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=64\\b^2=144\\c^2=256\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\pm8\\b=\pm12\\c=\pm16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(a;b;c\right)\in\left\{\left(8;12;16\right),\left(-8;-12;-16\right)\right\}\)
Cách khác:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k\\b=3k\\c=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(a^2+3b^2-2c^2=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4k^2+27k^2-32k^2=-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k^2=16\)
Trường hợp 1: k=4
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k=8\\b=3k=12\\c=4k=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2: k=-4
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2k=-8\\b=3k=-12\\c=4k=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)