Cho dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\dfrac{a+bcd}{abcd}=\dfrac{b+cad}{bcad}=\dfrac{c+abd}{cabd}=\dfrac{d+abc}{dabc}.\)
Chứng minh : \(\dfrac{bcd}{a}=\dfrac{cad}{b}=\dfrac{abd}{c}=\dfrac{abc}{d}\)
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ta có : \(M=\dfrac{1}{abc+ab+a+1}+\dfrac{1}{bcd+bc+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{acb+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{abcd}{abcd+abc+ab+a}+\dfrac{1}{bcd+bc+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{acb+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{bcd}{bcd+bc+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bcd+bc+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{acb+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{bcd+1}{bcd+bc+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{acb+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{abcd+bcd}{abcd+bcd+bc+b}+\dfrac{1}{acb+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{acd+cd}{acd+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{acb+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{acd+cd+1}{acd+cd+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{abcd+acd+cd}{abcd+acd+cd+c}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{abd+ad+d}{abd+ad+d+1}+\dfrac{1}{abd+ad+d+1}\) \(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{abd+ad+d+1}{abd+ad+d+1}=1\)
\(A=\dfrac{a}{abc+ab+a+1}+\dfrac{ba}{abcd+abc+ab+a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{cd}}{\dfrac{acd}{cd}+\dfrac{cd}{cd}+\dfrac{c}{cd}+\dfrac{1}{cd}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{d}{d}}{\dfrac{dab}{d}+\dfrac{ad}{d}+\dfrac{d}{d}+\dfrac{1}{d}}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a}{abc+ab+a+1}+\dfrac{ab}{1+abc+ab+a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{d}}{a+1+\dfrac{1}{d}+\dfrac{1}{cd}}+\dfrac{1}{ab+a+1+\dfrac{1}{d}}\)
Mà \(abcd=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{d}=abc;\dfrac{1}{cd}=ab\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a}{abc+ab+a+a}+\dfrac{ab}{abc+ab+a+1}+\dfrac{abc}{a+1+abc+ab}+\dfrac{1}{ab+a+1+abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a+ab+abc+1}{abc+ab+a+1}=1\)
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Nếu a+b+c+d=0
⇒a+b=−(c+d);c+b=−(a+d);c+d=−(a+b);a+d=−(c+b)
Thay vào M, ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{-\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b+c}{-\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{c+d}{-\left(c+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+d}{-\left(a+d\right)}=-1\)
Nếu a+b+c+d ≠0
⇒ \(a=b=c=d\)
Thay vào M, ta có
\(M=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}=\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}=\dfrac{c+d}{c+d}=\dfrac{d+a}{d+a}=1\)
Trong tam giác ABI, ta có :
\(\dfrac{MB'}{AB}=\dfrac{MI}{BI}\left(1\right)\)
Đặt a/2019=b/2021=c/2023=k
=>a=2019k; b=2021k; c=2023k
(a-c)^2/4=(2023k-2019k)^2/4=(4k)^2/4=4k^2
(a-b)(b-c)=(2019k-2021k)(2021k-2023k)=4k^2
=>(a-c)^2/4=(a-b)(b-c)