cho x,y,z,t >0 t/m x.y.z.t=1.Chứng minh:1/(1+x)^2+1/(1+y)^2+1/(1+z)^2+1/(1+t)^2>=1
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Ta có : \(1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\right)>1-\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\right)=1-\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)=1-\left(1-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)=1-1+\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{100}\)
Vậy \(1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}-.......-\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{100}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{x}{x+y+z+t}< \dfrac{x}{x+y+z}< \dfrac{x}{x+y}\)
\(\dfrac{y}{x+y+t+z}< \dfrac{y}{x+y+t}< \dfrac{y}{x+y}\)
\(\dfrac{z}{y+z+t+x}< \dfrac{z}{y+z+t}< \dfrac{z}{z+t}\)
\(\dfrac{t}{x+z+t+y}< \dfrac{t}{x+z+t}< \dfrac{t}{z+t}\)
Cộng cả ba vế , ta được :
\(\dfrac{x}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+y+z+t}< \dfrac{x}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y+t}+\dfrac{z}{y+z+t}+\dfrac{t}{x+z+t}< \dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{z+t}+\dfrac{t}{z+t}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z+t}< M< \dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z+t}{z+t}\)
\(\Rightarrow1< M< 2\)
Vậy M không phải số tự nhiên
+ \(P=\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+1}\)
+ \(\frac{1}{x^2+1}=\frac{x^2+1-x^2}{x^2+1}=1-\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\)
+ \(x^2+1\ge2x\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\le\frac{x^2}{2x}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\ge-\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+1}\ge1-\frac{x}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 1
+ Tương tự ta cm đc :
\(\frac{1}{y^2+1}\ge1-\frac{y}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> y = 1
\(\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge1-\frac{z}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> z = 1
Do đó : \(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge3-\left(\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{z}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1.
+ \(\frac{x}{y^2+1}=\frac{x\left(y^2+1\right)-xy^2}{y^2+1}=x-\frac{xy^2}{y^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+1}\ge x-\frac{xy^2}{2y}=x-\frac{xy}{2}\) ( do \(y^2+1\ge2y\forall y\) )
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> y = 1.
Tương tự : \(\frac{y}{z^2+1}\ge y-\frac{yz}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> z = 1.
\(\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge z-\frac{zx}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 1.
Do đó : \(\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge3-\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{2}\)
( do \(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\) )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y^2+1}+\frac{y}{z^2+1}+\frac{z}{x^2+1}\ge3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1.
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra
\(P\ge\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}=3\)
P = 3 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy Min P = 3 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\).
\(M=\dfrac{1}{16x^2}+\dfrac{1}{4y^2}+\dfrac{1}{16z^2}=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{2^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{4^2}{z^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{49}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=\dfrac{49}{16}\) khi \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}=\dfrac{2}{y^2}=\dfrac{4}{z^2}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{7}\\y^2=\dfrac{2}{7}\\z^2=\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)