Cho hai số x y, dương thỏa mãn \(6\left(x^2+y^2\right)+20xy=5\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+3\right)\)
Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của \(A=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\)
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\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+20=\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+3\right)}{xy}\ge\dfrac{5\left(x+y\right)2\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=10\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}=t\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t^2-2\)
\(\Rightarrow6\left(t^2-2\right)+20\ge10\sqrt{3}t\)
\(\Rightarrow3t^2-5\sqrt{3}t+4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}t-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}t-4\right)\ge0\)
Do \(t\ge2\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}t-1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}t-4\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2\ge\dfrac{16}{3}\Rightarrow t^2-2\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\) (do \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=t^2-2\))
Vậy \(A_{min}=\dfrac{10}{3}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;3\right);\left(3;1\right)\)
Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)
\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)
Theo bđt Cauchy schwarz dạng Engel
\(P\ge\frac{\left(2x+2y+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{1+1}=\frac{\left[2\left(x+y\right)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right]^2}{2}\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)(bđt phụ)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left[2.1+4\right]^2}{2}=\frac{36}{2}=18\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(2y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{x}+2y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2x+2y+\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)^2=18\)
\(P_{min}=18\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)