7 Tính nồng độ mol của dd thu được khi trộn 200(ml) dd NaOH 0,01M với 50(ml) dd NaOH 1M (cho rằng sự pha trộn không thay đổi thể tích
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a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=4.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=3.10^{-3}\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,011\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{4.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,008M\\\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{3.10^{-3}}{0,2+0,3}=0,006M\\\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,011}{0,2+0,3}=0,022M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Để trung hòa dung dịch A thì:
\(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,01.V_{ddHCl}=\left(0,02.2+0,01\right).0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{ddHCl}=1\left(l\right)\)
\(b.n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,4.0,5+\dfrac{100.1,33.20\%}{40}=0,865\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\left(sau\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,865}{0,4+0,1}=1,73\left(M\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=0,05.0,12=0,006\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,15.0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,006+0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,105\left(M\right)\\ \left[NO^-_3\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,075\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,006}{0,05+0,15}=0,03\left(M\right)\)
\(d.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,05=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,35.0,2=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2+0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,275\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05+0,35}=0,05\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,175\left(M\right)\\ f.n_{KOH}=\dfrac{20.1,31.32\%}{56}=\dfrac{131}{875}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}+0,08.2}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{542}{175}\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,02+0,08}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{262}{175}\left(M\right)\)
B4:
nNaOH = 0,3 . 1,5 + 0,4 . 2,5 = 1,45 (mol)
VddNaOH = 0,3 + 0,4 = 0,7 (l)
CMddNaOH = 1,45/0,7 = 2,07M
B5:
nHCl (sau khi pha) = 0,5 . 2 = 1 (mol)
Gọi VHCl (0,2) = x (l); VHCl (0,8) = y (l)
x + y = 2 (1)
nHCl (0,2) = 0,2x (mol)
nHCl (0,8) = 0,8y (mol)
=> 0,2x + 0,8y = 1 (2)
(1)(2) => x = y = 1 (l)
\(n_{OH^-}=0,5.0,2+0,2.2.0,3=0,22\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,22}{0,5}=0,44M\)
\(n_{Na^+}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,2.0,3=0,06\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,5}=0,12M\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)
\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)
\(b.\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.001..........0.002\)
\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)