cho a,b>0 thỏa mãn a*b=4
tìm GTNN của P=\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\)
hỏi P đạt GTNN khi nào
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\(4=2a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{4}=\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+\left(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}+ab\right)-ab+2\)
\(\Rightarrow4=\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2-ab+2\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
\(M_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-\dfrac{1}{a}=0\\a+\dfrac{b}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;-2\right);\left(-1;2\right)\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{a+4}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+4}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+8}\) (BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{4^2}{4+8}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow A_{min}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) khi \(\dfrac{a}{a+4}=\dfrac{b}{b+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+4a=ab+4b\Rightarrow a=b=2\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^2}{a+4}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+4}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+8}=\dfrac{4^2}{4+8}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(A_{min}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) khi \(a=b=2\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{15}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}+\dfrac{15}{2.1^2}=\dfrac{17}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
$P=a^3b^3+1+1+\frac{1}{a^3b^3}$
$=(ab)^3+\frac{1}{(ab)^3}+2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$(ab)^3+\frac{1}{4096(ab)^3}\geq 2\sqrt{(ab)^3.\frac{1}{4096(ab)^3}}=\frac{1}{32}(1)$
$ab\leq \frac{(a+b)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$
$\Rightarrow (ab)^3\leq \frac{1}{64}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{4095}{4096(ab)^3}\geq \frac{4095}{64}(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra:
$P\geq \frac{1}{32}+\frac{4095}{64}+2=\frac{4225}{64}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{4225}{64}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
Đây là bài IMO 2001 và không cần điều kiện \(a+b+c=1\)
Áp dụng Holder:
\(P.P.\left[a\left(a^2+8bc\right)+b\left(b^2+8ac\right)+c\left(c^2+8ab\right)\right]\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\ge\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+3.2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ca}}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab=16\Rightarrow a+b\ge4\Rightarrow a+b-4\ge0\)
\(P=\dfrac{1+b+1+a}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+2}{ab+a+b+1}=\dfrac{a+b+2}{a+b+5}\)
\(P=\dfrac{3a+3b+6}{3\left(a+b+5\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+5\right)+\left(a+b-4\right)}{3\left(a+b+5\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+5\right)}{3\left(a+b+5\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) khi \(a=b=2\)