1.tìm GTNN
A=(x^2+x)(x^2+x-4)
2. cho x,y,z dương thỏa mãn x+y+z=1
tìm GTNN:
P=x^2/(y+z)+y^2/(x+z)+z^2/(x+y)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức Minkovski, ta có:
\(P = \sqrt {{{\left( {x + y + z} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}} \right)}^2}} \)
\( \ge \sqrt {\left[ {{{\left( {x + y + z} \right)}^2} + \frac{1}{{{{\left( {x + y + z} \right)}^2}}}} \right] + \frac{{80}}{{{{\left( {x + y + z} \right)}^2}}}} \)
\(\ge \sqrt{2+\dfrac{80}{1}} =\sqrt{82}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}.\)
Kết luận ...
\(\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\sqrt{\left(1^2+9^2\right)\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left(x+\dfrac{9}{x}\right)\)
tương tự với \(\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}};\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(=>P\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{81}}\left(x+\dfrac{9}{x}+y+\dfrac{9}{y}+z+\dfrac{9}{z}\right)\)
có \(x+\dfrac{9}{x}=x+\dfrac{1}{9x}+\dfrac{80}{9x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+\dfrac{80}{9x}\)
tương tự với \(y+\dfrac{9}{y};z+\dfrac{9}{z}\)
\(=>P\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{82}}\left[2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}.3+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{80}\right)^2}{9\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{82}}.82=\sqrt{82}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=1/3
\(x\left(x-z\right)+y\left(y-z\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2=z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\frac{x^3}{z^2+x^2}=x-\frac{z^2x}{z^2+x^2}\ge x-\frac{z^2x}{2zx}=x-\frac{z}{2}\)
\(\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}=y-\frac{yz^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge y-\frac{yz^2}{2yz}=y-\frac{z}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2+y^2+4}{x+y}=\frac{z\left(x+y\right)+4}{x+y}=z-x-y+\frac{4}{x+y}+x+y\ge z-x-y+4\)
Cộng lại ra minP=4, dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Hướng dẫn: đặt \(A=\dfrac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Khi đó \(F-A=x-y+y-z+z-x=0\Rightarrow F=A\)
\(\Rightarrow2F=F+A=\sum\dfrac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{4\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\Rightarrow F\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{4}\)
\(x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy cho 3 số ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3xyz\ge3.1=3\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3-1}{x^2+y+z}+\dfrac{y^3-1}{x+y^2+z}+\dfrac{z^3-1}{x+y+z^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z^2\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}=0\)
\(P=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=0\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhia dạng phân thức cho 3 số ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{z+x}=\dfrac{z}{x+y}\\x,y,z>0;x+y+z=2\end{matrix}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ cho 3 số dương có :
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2.\left(x+y+z\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy Min biểu thức cho là 1 khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(M^2=\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}+\frac{2xy}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{2yz}{\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{2xz}{\sqrt{yz}}=\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}+\frac{2x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{2y\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si: \(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}+z\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^2}{y}.\frac{x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}.\frac{x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}.z}=4x\)
tương tự \(\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{y\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}}+x\ge4y\);\(\frac{z^2}{x}+\frac{z\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}+y\ge4z\)
=>\(M^2+x+y+z\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\Rightarrow M^2\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3.12=36\Rightarrow M\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=4
Vậy minM=6 khi x=y=z=4
2. \(P=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\) (BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi \(\dfrac{x}{y+z}=\dfrac{y}{z+x}=\dfrac{z}{x+y}\Rightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
1, đặt \(x^2+x=t\)
=>\(A=t\left(t-4\right)=t^2-4t=t^2-4t+4-4\)
\(=>A=\left(t-2\right)^2-4\ge-4\) dấu"=' xảy ra\(t=2\)
\(=>x^2+x=2< =>x^2+x-2=0\)
\(< =>x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}=0\)
\(< =>\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0< =>\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(=>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) vậy Amin=-4<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
B2
\(=>P=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y+z}{4}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{x+z}{4}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\)
\(-\left(\dfrac{y+z+x+z+x+y}{4}\right)\)
áp dụng BDT AM-GM
\(=>\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y+z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{4}}=x^{ }\left(1\right)\)
\(\)tương tự \(=>\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{x+z}{4}\ge y\left(2\right)\)
\(=>\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{x+y}{4}\ge z\left(3\right)\)
(1)(2)(3) \(=>P\ge x+y+z-\dfrac{1}{2}.x+y+z=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=1/3