nung 20 gam cu(no3)2 sau một thời gian thu được 9,2 gam chất rắn và V(L) hỗn hợp X(đktc)
a) tính hiệu suất PƯ
b) tính V
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\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
a-------------->0,5a----->0,5a
=> 158(0,1-a) + 197.0,5a + 87.0,5a = 14,84
=> a = 0,06 (mol)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,04----------------------------------->0,1
K2MnO4 + 8HCl --> 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
0,03--------------------------------->0,06
MnO2 + 4HCl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0,03--------------------->0,03
=> \(n_{Cl_2}=0,1+0,06+0,03=0,19\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,19.22,4=4,256\left(l\right)\)
Đáp án : B
Cu(NO3)2 -> CuO + 2NO2 + ½ O2
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O -> 4HNO3
, nHNO3 = 10-pH .0,3 = 0,03 mol
=> nNO2 = 0,03 ; nO2 = 0,0075 mol
=> a = mCu(NO3)2 bđ – nNO2 – nO2 = 4,96g
Đáp án : B
Cu(NO3)2 -> CuO + 2NO2 + ½ O2
, x -> 2x -> 0,5x mol
, mCu(NO3)2 - mrắn = mkhí => x = 0,015 mol
2NO2 + ½ O2 + H2O -> 2HNO3
=> nHNO3 = 0,03 mol => CHNO3 = 0,1M => pH = 1
\(a,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{59}{80}=0,7375\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2CuO+4NO_2\uparrow+O_2\uparrow\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CuO}=0,36875\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_2}=2n_{CuO}=1,475\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,36875\cdot22,4=8,26\left(l\right)\\V_{NO_2}=1,475\cdot22,4=33,04\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\text{Chất rắn thu đc là }CuO\text{ gồm có }Cu,O\\ \%_O=\dfrac{16}{80}\cdot100\%=20\%\\ \Rightarrow m_O=59\cdot20\%=11,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=59-11,8=47,2\left(g\right)\)
1) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
mA = mKMnO4(bđ) - mO2 = 79 - 0,15.32 = 74,2 (g)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,3<-----------0,15<----0,15<---0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,3.158}{79}.100\%=60\%\)
2)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.197}{74,2}.100\%=39,825\%\\\%m_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{0,15.87}{74,2}.100\%=17,588\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79-0,3.158}{74,2}.100\%=42,587\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(n_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79}{158}-0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,2----------------------------------->0,5
K2MnO4 + 8HCl --> 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
0,15-------------------------------->0,3
MnO2 + 4Hcl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0,15------------------->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=22,4\left(0,5+0,3+0,15\right)=21,28\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{79}{158}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,5 0,15
a)\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,15\cdot197=29,55g\)
\(m_{MnO_2}=0,15\cdot87=13,05g\)
\(m_{CRắn}=m_{KMnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=29,55+13,05=42,6g\)
\(n_{KMnO_4pư}=0,15\cdot2=0,3mol\)
\(H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}\cdot100\%=60\%\)
b)\(m_{O_2}=0,15\cdot32=4,8g\)
\(\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{29,55}{42,6}\cdot100\%=69,37\%\)
\(\%m_{MnO_2}=100\%-69,37\%=30,63\%\)
Gọi n KMnO4 = a
n KClO3 = b ( mol )
--> 158a + 122,5 b = 43,3
PTHH :
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)
0,9b 1,35b
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
0,9a 0,45a
\(\%Mn=\dfrac{55a}{43,3-32\left(0,45a+1,35b\right)}=24,103\%\)
\(\rightarrow a=0,15\)
\(b=0,16\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,15.158=23,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=0,16.122,5=19,6\left(g\right)\)
a)
$2Cu(NO_3)_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO + 4NO_2 + O_2$
Theo PTHH :
Gọi $n_{CuO} = n_{Cu(NO_3)_2\ pư} = a(mol)$
Ta có :
$m_{Chất\ rắn} = 80a + 20 - 188a = 9,2 \Rightarrow a = 0,1$
$H = \dfrac{0,1.188}{20}.100\% = 94\%$
b)
Theo PTHH :
$n_{NO_2} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CuO} = 0,05(mol)$
$V = (0,2 + 0,05).22,4 = 5,6(lít)$
\(n_{O_2}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2CuO+4NO_2+O_2\)
\(2a..............2a.........4a...a\)
\(BTKL:\)
\(m_{khí}=20-9.2=10.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a\cdot46+32a=10.8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=0.05\)
\(H\%=\dfrac{0.05\cdot2\cdot188}{20}\cdot100\%=94\%\)
\(V=\left(0.05+0.05\cdot4\right)\cdot22.4=5.6\left(l\right)\)