Cho các số nguyên dương a,b,c thỏa mãn: a+b+c=3
Tìm GTLN của P= \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)
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Ta có:
\(M=\frac{19a+3}{1+b^2}+\frac{19b+3}{c^2+1}+\frac{19c+3}{a^2+1}\)
\(=19a-\frac{19ab^2-3}{b^2+1}+19b-\frac{19bc^2-3}{c^2+1}+\frac{19ca^2-3}{a^2+1}\)
\(\ge19\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{19ab^2-3}{2b}-\frac{19bc^2-3}{2c}-\frac{19ca^2-3}{2a}\)
\(=19\left(a+b+c\right)-19\left(\frac{ab}{2}+\frac{bc}{2}+\frac{ca}{2}\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge19.3-\frac{19.3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{19.3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\ge3\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=\frac{3.9}{3}=9\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\frac{19.3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}.3=33\)
\(\)
\(K=\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+c^2\right)-c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\).
Vì \(a,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(a^2+c^2\ge2ac\).
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2ac^2\).
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2ac^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{c^2}{2ac^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\) .
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:
\(\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\).
Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)(theo đề bài).
Do đó \(K\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3abc}{2abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3}{2}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=3abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
Vậy \(minK=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
1,https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/157361-t%C3%ACm-c%C3%A1c-s%E1%BB%91-nguy%C3%AAn-x-y-tho%E1%BA%A3-m%C3%A3n-x3y32016/
Sử dụng giả thiết a + b + c = 3, ta được: \(\frac{a^3}{3a-ab-ca+2bc}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b+c\right)a-ab-ca+2bc}\)\(=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\frac{b^3}{3b-bc-ab+2ca}=\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}\); \(\frac{c^3}{3c-ca-bc+2ab}=\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}\)
Khi đó thì \(P=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{2abc}{a^2+2bc}-\frac{2abc}{b^2+2ca}-\frac{2abc}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)\(=3+abc\left[3-2\left(\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\right)\right]\)\(\le3+abc\left[3-2.\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)(Theo BĐT Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)\(=3+abc\left[3-2.\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]\le3+\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3=4\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
Ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2+2bc-ab-bc-ca}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ca-ab-bc-ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab-ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2+bc-ca-ab}+\frac{1}{b^2+ca-ab-bc}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab-bc-ca}\)
\(=-\left(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{b-c+c-a+a-b+}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
PS: Hồi tối lười để người khác làm mà không ai làm thôi t làm vậy
( a+b+c)^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2
=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac = a^2 + b^2 + c^2
=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac - a^2 - b^2 - c^2 = 0
=> 2ab + 2bc + 2ac = 0
ta có
A = \(\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}\)+ \(\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}\)+ \(\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\)
= \(\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}\)+ \(\frac{1}{b^2+2ac}\)+ \(\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\) + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
đến đây bạn nhóm lại nhé mk giải ra thì dài lắm nên chỉ gợi ý cho bn đấy đây thôi
\(P=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)
\(P=a-\frac{2abc}{a^2+2bc}+b-\frac{2abc}{b^2+2ca}+c-\frac{2abc}{c^2+2ab}+3abc\)
\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)-2abc\left(\frac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2ca}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ab}\right)+3abc\)
\(P=3-2abc\left(\frac{1}{a^2+2ab}+\frac{1}{b^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ca}\right)+3abc\)(Do a+b+c=3)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz cho 3 phân số:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2abc}+\frac{1}{b^2+2bc}+\frac{1}{c^2+2ca}\ge\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{9}{3^2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le3-2abc+3abc=3+abc\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số a,b,c: \(abc\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{27}=\frac{3^3}{27}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le3+1=4\).
Vậy \(Max_P=4.\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1.
Đợi chút; phần áp dụng BĐT schwarz, cái đầu tiên mình gõ thừa chữ "c" ở mẫu thức, bn sửa đi nhé.