Cho a,b,c là các số thực thỏa mãn:a≥4;b≥;c≥6 và \(a^2+b^2+c^2=90\).Tìm GTNN P=a+b+c
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Có: \(VT=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a+c}\) (thay a+ b+c=1 vào r phân tích thành nhân tử)
Lại có: Theo Cô si \(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{b+c}\ge2\left(c+a\right)\)
Tương tự với hai BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế được: \(2VT\ge4\Leftrightarrow VT\ge2^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
"=" <=> a = b = c = 1/3
Đặt \(P=\frac{ab+c}{a+b}+\frac{bc+a}{b+c}+\frac{ac+b}{a+c}=\frac{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{bc+a\left(a+b+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{ac+b\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}\ge2\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(b+c\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế
\(2P\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)=4\Rightarrow P\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài lớp 8 thật hả? :(
\(\frac{a}{a+b+1}+\frac{b}{b+c+1}+\frac{c}{c+a+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{4-a}+\frac{b}{4-b}+\frac{c}{4-c}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(4-b\right)\left(4-c\right)+b\left(4-a\right)\left(4-c\right)+c\left(4-a\right)\left(4-b\right)\le\left(4-a\right)\left(4-b\right)\left(4-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le4\) (1)
Ta cần chứng minh (1)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\le c\le b\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2\le a^2c+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le a^2c+abc+b^2c+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le c\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le\frac{1}{2}.2c\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(2c+a+b+a+b\right)^3}{27}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ac^2+b^2c+abc\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{8.3^3}{27}=4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Do biểu thức đề bài và BĐT đều mang tính đối xứng, không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(b+c-a;c+a-b;a+b-c\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y>0\\z>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(xyz\le1\)
Nếu \(x\le0\) thì \(xyz\le0\Rightarrow xyz< 1\) BĐT hiển nhiên đúng
Nếu \(x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{y+z}{2}\\b=\frac{x+z}{2}\\c=\frac{x+y}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{2}{z+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)\le\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le3\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\sqrt[3]{xyz}\le1\Leftrightarrow xyz\le1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
\(8VT=4\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc\right)\left(2ab^2+2bc^2+2ca^2+2abc\right)\le\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+2ab^2+2bc^2+2ca^2+3abc\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{32}\left(2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+4ca^2+4ab^2+4bc^2+6abc\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{32}\left(2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+4ca^2+4ab^2+4bc^2+9abc\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{32}\left[\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)\left(c+2a\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{512}\left[\left(a+2b\right)\left(4b+8c\right)\left(c+2a\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{512}\left(\frac{a+2b+4b+8c+c+2a}{3}\right)^6=\frac{1}{512}\left(a+2b+3c\right)^6=\frac{4^6}{512}=8\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;1;0\right)\)
Ta có đánh giá: \(\frac{a^7+b^7}{a^5+b^5}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^7+2b^7\ge a^7+b^7+a^5b^2+a^2b^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5\left(a^2-b^2\right)-b^5\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a^4+a^3b+a^2b^2+ab^3+b^4\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Tương tự \(\frac{b^7+c^7}{b^5+c^5}\ge\frac{b^2+c^2}{2}\) ; \(\frac{c^7+a^7}{c^5+a^5}\ge\frac{a^2+c^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: a + b - 2c = 0
⇒ a = 2c − b thay vào a2 + b2 + ab - 3c2 = 0 ta có:
(2c − b)2 + b2 + (2c − b).b − 3c2 = 0
⇔ 4c2 − 4bc + b2 + b2 + 2bc − b2 − 3c2 = 0
⇔ b2 − 2bc + c2 = 0
⇔ (b − c)2 = 0
⇔ b − c = 0
⇔ b = c
⇒ a + c − 2c = 0
⇔ a − c = 0
⇔ a = c
⇒ a = b = c
Vậy a = b = c
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(a-4;b-5;c-6\right)\) \(\Rightarrow x;y;z\ge0\)
\(\left(x+4\right)^2+\left(y+5\right)^2+\left(z+6\right)^2=90\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+8x+10y+12z=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yz+12\left(x+y+z\right)=13+2\left(xy+xz+yz\right)+4x+2y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+12\left(x+y+z\right)=13+2\left(xy+xz+yz\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)\ge13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+12\left(x+y+z\right)-13\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z+13\right)\left(x+y+z-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-4+b-5+c-6\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=16\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(4;5;7\right)\)