Cho tam giác ABC có A (1; 3) và hai đường trung tuyến BM : x + 7y - 10 = 0 và CN : x - 2y + 2 = 0, Viết phương trình đường thẳng chứa cạnh BC của tam giác ABC
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Bài 1:
a: Xét ΔABC có \(AC^2=AB^2+BC^2\)
nên ΔABC vuông tại B
b: XétΔABC có BC<AB<AC
nên \(\widehat{A}< \widehat{C}< \widehat{B}\)
Tọa độ điểm C:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_C=3x_I-x_A-x_B=1\\y_C=3y_I-y_A-y_B=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow C\left(1;-4\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(a-3;b+1\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(a+1;b-2\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(2;-6\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-2;-3\right)\)
Theo giả thiết
\(AH\perp BC\Rightarrow2\left(a-3\right)-6\left(b+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-3b=6\left(1\right)\)
\(BH\perp AC\Rightarrow-2\left(a+1\right)-3\left(b-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow2a+3b=4\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{10}{3}\\b=-\dfrac{8}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+3b=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Gọi tọa độ điểm H(a;b)
Ta có: A H → = a + 1 ; b − 1 , B H → = a ; b − 2 , B C → = 1 ; − 1 , A C → 2 ; 0
Do H là trực tâm tam giác ABC nên:
A C → . B H → = 0 B C → . A H → = 0 ⇒ 2. a + 0. b − 2 = 0 1. a + 1 − 1. b − 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 0 b = 2
Vậy H (0; 2).
Chọn A
\(AB=\sqrt{\left(-2-2\right)^2+\left(-1+2\right)^2}=\sqrt{17}\)
\(AC=\sqrt{\left(1-2\right)^2+\left(2+2\right)^2}=\sqrt{17}\)
Vậy tam giác ABC cân tại A.
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Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác \(\Rightarrow\) tọa độ G là nghiệm:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+7y-10=0\\x-2y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow G\left(\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\)
Gọi D là trung điểm BC, theo tính chất trọng tâm:
\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x_D-1\right)=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{2}{3}\left(y_D-3\right)=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow D\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Do B thuộc BM nên tọa độ có dạng: \(B\left(10-7b;b\right)\)
Do D là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_C=2x_D-x_B=7b-9\\y_C=2y_D-y_B=1-b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\left(7b-9;1-b\right)\)
Do C thuộc CN nên:
\(7b-9-2\left(1-b\right)+2=0\Rightarrow b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow B\left(3;1\right)\)
Biết tọa độ 2 điểm B; D thuộc BC, bây giờ có thể dễ dàng viết pt BC