Cho \(xyz=1\); \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
Tính \(K=\left(x^{19}-1\right)\left(y^{11}-1\right)\left(z^{2012}-1\right)\)
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Ta có: \(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)\left(2xy-xy\right)=xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\dfrac{1}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\dfrac{1}{zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\right)=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}.\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz}\right)=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Với x ; y > 0 , cần c/m : \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
Ta có : \(x^3+y^3-xy\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2-xy\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
( điều này luôn đúng với mọi x ; y > 0 )
=> BĐT được c/m
Áp dụng vào bài toán , ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{x^3+z^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{xz\left(x+z\right)+xyz}=\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{xz\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z;x,y,z>0\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-xy\ge xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{xy}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{yz}\) ;\(\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{zx}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+xyz}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)xyz}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
Dấu \(=\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z>0\)
Có BĐT phụ:
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b+b^3-ab^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng
\(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{x^3+z^3+xyz}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
do x,y,z là các số dương nên
\(x^2-xy+y^2\ge xy\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
tương tự ta cũng có : \(y^3+z^3\ge yz\left(y+z\right)\)
\(z^3+x^3\ge zx\left(z+x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}\le\Sigma\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{x+y+z}{xyz}\right)=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Từ xyz=1
=>\(\frac{1}{xy+x+1}+\frac{1}{yz+y+1}+\frac{1}{xyz+zx+z}=\frac{z}{xyz+xz+z}+\frac{xz}{xyz^2+xyz+xz}+\frac{1}{xyz+zx+z}\)=\(\frac{z}{1+zx+z}+\frac{xz}{1+z+xz}+\frac{1}{1+xz+z}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)