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\(Mg+2HCl \to MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \to n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,15.24}{10}.100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,1=34,2\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{10}.100=36\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=m_{hh}-m_{Al}=10-5,4=4,6(g)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Cu}=11,8-5,4=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b+27b=35.7\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21.84}{22.4}=0.975\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}CuCl_2\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)
\(Al+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}AlCl_3\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+1.5b+1.5c=0.975\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{hh}=ka+kb+kc=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=kb+k\cdot1.5c=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-0.25b-0.875c=0\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right):a=0.3,b=0.15,c=0.3\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.3\cdot64}{35.7}\cdot100\%=53.78\%\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.15\cdot56}{35.7}\cdot100\%=23.52\%\)
\(\text{%Al=22.7%}\)
\(n_{Cu} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 64a + 27b + 56c = 28,6(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5b + c = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)\\ \text{Mặt khác} : n_{O_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 4Fe + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3\\ \)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{n_X}{n_{O_2}}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{0,5a +0,75b + 0,75c} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,4}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3)\Rightarrow a = \dfrac{317}{1460} ; b = \dfrac{121}{365}; c = \dfrac{15}{146}\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{\dfrac{317}{1460}.64}{28,6}.100\% = 48,59\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{\dfrac{121}{365}.27}{28,6}.100\% = 31,3\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 41,59\% - 31,3\% = 27,11\%\)
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a_______a______\(\dfrac{3}{2}a\) (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=2,4\left(g\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{H^+}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,8______0,8
Ta có: \(\left[OH^-\right]=C_{M_{NaOH}}+2C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=2,2\left(M\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{OH^-}=\dfrac{0,8}{2,2}\approx0,36\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0.336}{22.4}=0.015\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.01....................................0.015\)
\(m_{Al}=0.01\cdot27=0.27\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Cu}=0.6-0.27=0.33\left(g\right)\)