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\(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+H_2O\underrightarrow{^{xt,t^0}}C_6H_{12}O_6+C_6H_{12}O_6\)
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\left(X\right)\underrightarrow{^{\text{men rượu}}}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)
\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{\text{men giấm}}}CH_3COOH\left(Y\right)+H_2O\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\left(đk:H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^0\right)\)
X : C6H12O6
Y : CH3COOH
\((C_6H_{10}O_5)_n + nH_2O \xrightarrow{t^o,xt} nC_6H_{12}O_6\\ C_6H_{12}O_6 \xrightarrow{t^o,xt} 2CO_2 + 2C_2H_5OH\\ C_2H_5OH + O_2 \xrightarrow{xt} CH_3COOH + H_2O\\ CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \buildrel{{H_2SO_4,t^o}}\over\rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \)
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\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{H^+,t^o}C_2H_5OH\)
\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{men.giấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\underrightarrow{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^o}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
\(CH_3COOC_2H_5+NaOH\underrightarrow{t^o}CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH\)
\(C_2H_5OH\underrightarrow{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},170^oC}C_2H_4+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\xrightarrow[axit]{t^o}C_2H_5OH\\ C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{men.giấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\\ CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_{4\left(đặc\right)}}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\\ CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+C_2H_5OH \\ C_2H_5OH\underrightarrow{axit}C_2H_4+H_2O\)
$C_2H_4 + H_2O \xrightarrow{t^o,xt} C_2H_5OH$
$C_2H_5OH+ O_2 \xrightarrow{men\ giấm} CH_3COOH + H_2O$
$CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \buildrel{{H_2SO_4,t^o}}\over\rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O$
$CH_3COOC_2H_5 + KOH \to CH_3COOK + C_2H_5OH$
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\rightarrow C_2H_5OH\)
\(C_2H_5OH+\left(CH_3CO\right)_2O\rightarrow CH_3COOH+CH_3COOC_2H_5\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5ONa\rightarrow NaOH+CH_3COOC_2H_5\)
\(KOH+CH_3COOC_2H_5\rightarrow C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOK\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{^{170^0C,H_2SO_4}}C_2H_5OH\)
\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{^{\text{men giấm}}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH⇌CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\left(Đk:H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)},t^0\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOC_2H_5+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+2C_2H_5OH\)
\(\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+CaCO_3\downarrow\)
\(C_2H_4 + H_2O \xrightarrow{t^o,xt} C_2H_5OH\\ C_2H_5OH + O_2 \xrightarrow{men\ giấm} CH_3COOH + H_2O\\ CH_3COOH + C_2H_5 \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O\\ 2CH_3COOC_2H_5 + Ca(OH)_2 \to (CH_3COO)_2Ca + 2C_2H_5OH\\ (CH_3COO)_2Ca + Na_2CO_3 \to CaCO_3 + 2CH_3COONa\)
Câu 2:
\(1,C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o}C_6H_{12}O_6+C_6H_{12}O_6\\ C_6H_{12}O_6\xrightarrow[\text{men rượu}]{H^+,t^o}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\uparrow\\ C_2H_5OH+O_2\underrightarrow{\text{men giấm}}CH_3COOH+H_2O\\ 2CH_3COOH+ZnO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2O\)
2, tất cả đều giống 1 trừ PTHH cuối:
\(2CH_3COOH+MgO\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2O\)
Câu 3:
Cho mẩu Na tác dụng với từng chất:
- Na tan dần, có sủi bọt khí không màu, mùi: C2H5OH, CH3COOH (*)
\(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\\ CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow CH_3COONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
- Không hiện tượng: C6H12O6
Cho QT vào các chất (*):
- Hoá hồng: CH3COOH
- Không hiện tượng: C2H5OH
Câu 4:
a) Bảo toàn C: \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{44}{44}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_H=2n_{H_2O}=2.\dfrac{27}{18}=3\left(mol\right)\)
Xét mH + mC = 3 + 12 = 15 (g)
=> A chỉ chứa C và H
b) MA = 2.15 = 30 (g/mol)
CTPT: CxHy
=> x : y = 1 : 3
=> (CH3)n = 30
=> n = 2
CTCT: CH3-CH3
Câu 5:
a) Bảo toàn C: \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{44}{44}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_H=2n_{H_2O}=2.\dfrac{18}{18}=2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét mH + mC = 2 + 12 = 14 (g)
=> A chỉ chứa C và H
b) MA = 2.14 = 28 (g/mol)
CTPT: CxHy
=> x : y = 1 : 2
=> (CH2)n = 28
=> n = 2
CTPT: C2H4
CTCT: CH2=CH2
Câu 6:
\(a,n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{30}{60}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{46}{46}=1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH -H2SO4 (đặc), to-> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
LTL: 0,5 < 1 => C2H5OH dư
Theo pthh: nCH3COOC2H5 = nCH3COOH = 0,5 (mol)
=> mCH3COOC2H5 = 0,5.60%.88 = 26,4 (g)
Câu 7:
\(a,n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{60}{60}=1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{23}{46}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH -H2SO4 (đặc), to-> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
LTL: 1 > 0,5 => CH3COOH dư
Theo pthh: nCH3COOC2H5 = nC2H5OH = 0,5 (mol)
=> mCH3COOC2H5 = 0,5.70%.88 = 30,8 (g)
x : tinh bột , y : axit axetic
\(\left(-C_6H_{10}O_5-\right)_n+nH_2O\xrightarrow[t^o]{Axit}nC_6H_{12}O_6\)
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\xrightarrow[t^o]{Men.rượu}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)
\(C_2H_5OH+O_2\xrightarrow[]{Men.giấm}CH_3COOH+H_2O\)
\(CH_3COOH+C_2H_5OH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
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