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Tìm GTNN của biểu thức sau: a) A= x^2-2x+y^2+4y+8 b) B= x^2-4x+y^2-8y+6 c) C= x^-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28
a: \(A=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+3\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3>=3\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1 và y=-2
b: \(B=x^2-4x+4+y^2-8y+16-14\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14>=-14\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2 và y=4
a) \(A=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(A=\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\right]\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]\)
\(A=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(A=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-6^2\)
\(A=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\)
Vì \(\left(x^2+5x\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)
\(\Rightarrow Amin=-36\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(B=x^2-2x+y^2+4y+8\)
\(B=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+3\)
\(B=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow Bmin=3\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(C=x^2-4x+y^2-8y+6\)
\(C=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-8y+16\right)-14\)
\(C=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14\)
Vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi x
\(\left(y-4\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi y
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-14\ge-14\) với mọi x,y
\(\Rightarrow Cmin=-14\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(A=x^2+6x+11\)
\(A=x^2+6x+9+2\)
\(A=\left(x+3\right)^2+2\)
Có: \(\left(x+3\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left(x+3\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x+3=0\Rightarrow x=-3\)
Vậy: \(Min_A=2\) tại \(x=-3\)
b) \(B=4x-x^2+1\)
\(B=-x^2+4x-4+5\)
\(B=-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\)
\(B=5-\left(x-2\right)^2\)
Có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow5-\left(x-2\right)^2\le5\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x-2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy: \(Max_B=5\) tại \(x=2\)
a) \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2=\left(x-1-2y-1\right)\left(x-1+2y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y-3\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
b) \(x^2-4x^2y^2+y^2+2xy=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-4x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-4x^2y^2=\left(x+y-2xy\right)\left(x+y+2xy\right)\)
c) \(x^6-x^4+2x^3+2x^2=\left(x^6+2x^3+1\right)-\left(x^4-2x^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3+1\right)^2-\left(x^2-1\right)^2=\left(x^3+1-x^2+1\right)\left(x^3+1+x^2-1\right)=x^2\left(x^3-x^2+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
d) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-8y^3=\left(x+1\right)^3-8y^3=\left(x+1-2y\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+2xy+2y+4y^2\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(A=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-1=-\left(x-2\right)^2-1\le-1\)
\(A_{max}=-1\) khi \(x=2\)
\(B=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
\(B_{max}=7\) khi \(x=2\)
\(C=-\left(x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\le\frac{1}{4}\)
\(C_{max}=\frac{1}{4}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+11\)
\(D=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+11\le11\)
\(D_{max}=11\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(E=-\frac{1}{2}\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-\frac{9}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(2x-1\right)^2-\frac{9}{2}\le-\frac{9}{2}\)
\(E_{max}=-\frac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1:
\(A=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(A_{min}=1\) khi \(x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(B=\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)
\(B_{min}=0\) khi \(x=3\)
\(C=2\left(x^2-2.\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{9}{2}=2\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(C_{min}=\frac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(D=\left(x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(D=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
\(D_{min}=\frac{3}{4}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Đặt \(A=x^2-2x+1\)
Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=1\)
b) Ta có: \(M=x^2-3x+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{31}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{31}{4}\ge\frac{31}{4}\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x-\frac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{31}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
D = (x-1).(x+2).(x+3).(x+6)
= (x2 + 5x - 6).(x2 + 5x + 6)
= (x2 + 5x)2 + 6x.(x2+5x)-6(x2 + 5x) - 36
= (x2 + 5x)2 - 36 \(\ge\) -36 với mọi x
Vậy D có GTNN = - 36 khi x2 + 5x = 0
hay x = 0; x = 5
A = x2 - 2x + y2 + 4y + 8
= (x2 - 2x + 1) + (y2 + 2.2y + 4) + 3
= (x-1)2 + (y+2)2 + 3 \(\ge\) 3 với mọi x,y
Vậy A có GTNN = 3
C = x2 - 4x + y2 - 8y + 6
= (x2 - 4x + 4) + (y2 - 8y + 16) - 12
= (x-2)2 + (y-4)2 - 12 \(\ge\) -12 với mọi x;y
Vậy C có GTNN = -12
B = 2x2 - 4x + 10
= x2 + (x2 - 4x + 4) + 6
= x2 + (x-2)2 + 6 \(\ge\) 6 với mọi x
Vậy B có GTNN = 6