I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. disease B. dead C. treatment D. sneeze
2. A. environment B. billboard C. visual D. litter
3. A. birth B. thermal C. earth D. further
4. A. poisoned B. died C. dumped D. caused
5. A. contaminant B. waste C. illustrate
II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.
D. radiation
1. A. environment B. temperature C. botanical D. contaminant
2. A. untreated B. aquatic C. pollution D. electronic
3. A. pollute B. poison C. damage D. illustrate
4. A. presentation B. radioactive C. environmental D. contamination
5. A. permanent B. Chemical C. dramatic D. herbicide
III. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter of each word is given.
1. The fish have died because the river water is heavily p________.
2. Health e________ from air pollution include lung cancer, and respiratory diseases.
3. Acid rain causes serious d________ to plants and trees.
4. If the air wasn’t dirty, Nick w________ sneeze so much.
5. The main gases that l________ to acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.
6. There is a danger of serious contamination from radioactive w________.
7. Hundreds of d________ fish were found floating in the river near the factory.
8. U________ sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. After the accident, many people were exposed________ radiation.
A. from B. at C. to D. with
2. Light pollution has a wide range of negative effects________ I’m human health.
A. on B. of C. for D. to
3. ________can cause high blood pressure, heart problems, sleep disturbances, and hearing problems.
A. Air pollution B. Light pollution C. Water pollution D. Noise pollution
4. The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have risen________ the burning of fossil fuels.
A. therefore B. because C. in spite of D. due to
5. If rubbish is non-biodegradable, it________ forever.
A. exists B. will exist C. won’t exist D. doesn’t exist
6. ________are Chemicals that are used to kill unwanted plants, such as weeds.
A. Fertilizers B. Pesticides C. Herbicides D. Pollutants
7. There would be much less pollution________ people stopped using cars completely.
A. if B. since C. when D. although
8. Emissions of pollutants into the air can________ changes to the climate.
A. get on B. end up C. go into D. result in
9. ________can we help save our environment?
A. What B. How C. Why D. How much
10. If we care about plastic waste________.
A. why won’t we stop drinking bottled water? B. we would use reusable shopping bags C. we will
throw away plastic water bottles. D. why don’t we buy plastic bags?
V. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.
1. What will happen if the Earth stopped moving?
A B C D
2. One of the things all of us can do to protect and improve our environment is recycle.
A B C D
3. Humans can even die if they will drink contaminated water.
A B C D
4. Long-term exposure to loud noise results permanent hearing loss.
A B C D
5. They believe that water pollution is the large cause of death and disease in the world.
A B C D
6. Is the recycling process in itself damaging for the environment?
A B C D
7. We won’t save the environment if we stop using so much energy.
A B C D
8. One in six species is at risk of extinction because climate change.
A B C D
9. The amount of waste decreased if people started to buy reusable packages.
A B C D
10. Contaminated water can cause of many types of diarrheal diseases, including cholera.
A B C D
VI. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. It would be better for the environment if more people________ (use) bikes rather than cars.
2. If we use less energy, we________ (help) reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Every year, million tons of plastic________ (dump) into the oceans.
4. A thick smog________ (settle) over New Delhi since winter________ (begin).
5. Noise pollution can________ (cause) by vehicle, aircraft, and industrial noise.
6. Human activities________ (destroy) nature at an unacceptable rate right now.
7. A decade ago, WHO________ (classify) air pollution as a link to lung cancer.
8. If the temperature________ (increase) by a few degrees during the next few years, we________ (run
into) serious problems.
9. What________ (happen) if all the pollution in the world________ (disappear)?
10. At 8 o’clock last night, I________ (watch) “A Plastic Wave”, a documentary on plastic pollution.
11. We should avoid ________ (buy) frozen foods because their packaging is mostly plastic.
12. Air pollution can make people ________ (die).
VII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. As an________ why do you oppose banning plastic bags? (environment)
2. The radiation leak has had a________ effect on the environment. (disaster)
3. The water supply is being tested for ________. (contaminate)
4. Heavy metals in________ water cut short millions of lives every year. (drink)
5. Scientists warn that plastic pollution in oceans will be one of the ________ threats. (big)
6. Pollution is the process of making parts of the living environment________. (dirt)
7. If thermal pollution continues for a long time, it can________ cause huge bacteria. (possible)
8. She became deaf after long-term________ to noise in the workplace. (expose)
9. Living near a busy road could cause high blood________. (press)
10. Wastewater________ a process used to remove contaminants from sewage. (treat)
VIII. Match the questions to the answers.
1. What is the main reason for thermal
pollution?
2. What effect does thermal pollution have
on aquatic animals?
3. How to minimize the water pollution due
to Chemicals?
4. What diseases are usually caused by air
pollution?
5. Which gas is mainly responsible for
global warming?
6. What are the effects of noise pollution? 7.
Why are plastic bags a big environmental
nuisance?
8. What are sources of radioactive pollution?
a. They are non-biodegradable and create an
environmental harzard.
b. Nuclear wastes from nuclear power plants,
mining and processing of nuclear material etc.
c. Carbon dioxide. It contributes about 55% to
global warming.
d. It affects their growth and may kill off them.
e. Hot water released by power plants and
industries.
f. Sleep disturbance, high blood pressure,
emotional problems and annoyance.
g. Rickets, throat cancer, lung cancer and
breathing problem.
h. Treat wastewater before discharging into a
flowing body of water.
IX. Choose the word which best fits each gap.
Many human activities over the last 200 years have been responsible (1) ________ polluting the air and
damaging people’s health. Automobile engines and power plants burn combustible (2) ________ like
gasoline and coal and allow toxic gases and smoke to escape into the air. Some pollutants destroy the ozone
layer, which is the thin blanket of gases that
(3) ________ Earth from the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet rays. Other pollutants contribute to (4) ________
warming by adding to the planet’s natural greenhouse effect. Still others create acid rain, a phenomenon
that has disastrous (5) ________ on lake and forest habitats. Air pollution is not limited to industrial areas.
Depending on the direction of the wind and its force, air pollutants may (6) ________ spread to other
countries very far from the source of the pollution.
Big cities like Los Angeles and Mexico City are*often covered by smog, a fog that occurs (7) ________ air
pollution. In 1952, the City of London, England, was enveloped by smog so thick that people on the streets
had to feel their way around by (8) ________ the walls of buildings!
1. A. for B. of C. to D. with
2. A. chemicals B. means C. fuels D. matters
3. A. covers B. protects C. stops D. damages
4. A. environmental B. thermal C. temperature D. global
5. A. affects B. causes C. sources D. effects
6. A. never B. even C. ever D. hardly
7. A. because of B. in spite of C. instead of D. due of
8. A. climbing B. walking C. touching D. putting up
X. Read the passage carefully and do the tasks.
There are many kinds of pollution. Air, water, and land can be polluted. Some pollution is caused by
nature, such as foods, forest fires, and volcanoes. People are the major Cause of pollution. We pollute the
air with our cars, homes, and factories. Smoke from factories and car exhaust makes the air looks gray and
smoggy. Some people cannot go outside when the air is very bad! We pollute the water by dumping
garbage and Chemicals in the water. Plants and animals die because of the pollution in the water. We
pollute the soil with Chemicals and garbage. We harm the land by cutting down trees in the forest,
especially to build roads and new houses without careful planning and thinking.
The only way to save our environment is to think about pollution. How can you stop or limit pollution?
How do we protect our environment? Conservation is one way to protect our environment. Conservation is
the wise use and protection of our environment. We can control water pollution by not producing as much
as waste and by proper disposal of sewage and garbage. We can take care of recreation land by cleaning up,
after ourselves and not causing more pollution. Carpooling and public transportation will help reduce air
pollution.
Recycling is a type of conservation. Recycling is reusing items over again or in a new way. Recycling can
help us conserve our natural resources so they will last many more years. A. Find the word in bold in the
passage that means:
1. the protection of the natural environment ________
2. have a bad effect on something ________
3. a large amount of water covering an, area that usually dry ________
4. sharing a car ride with other people ________
5. waste gases that come out of an engine ________
6. the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty ________
7. get rid of ________
B. Choose the correct answers.
1. According to the passage, pollution________
A. is always caused by humans. B. can only be caused by nature.
C. is mainly caused by humans. D. may sometimes cause natural disasters.
2. What kind of pollution may a car cause?
A. Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Soil pollution D. Light pollution
3. Which of the followings is not an example of soil pollution?
A. Land development B. Waste disposal
C. Pesticide or fertilizer use D. Exhaust from traffic
4. How can we help save our environment?
A. Stop pollution. B. Dump garbage into the river.
C. Drive cars everywhere. D. Cut down trees in the forests.
5. How does recycling help the environment?
A. It expands landfills. B. It saves natural resources.
C. It increases water pollution. D. It causes air pollution.
6. What can we do to help reduce air pollution?
A. Walk or bike B. Carpool to work or school
C. Use public transport D. All of the above
7. What is the main idea of this article?
A.The air is dirty because of cars and factories. B. The soil gets polluted from littering.
C.People cause pollution, but they can also stop or limit it.
D. Conservation is the only way to stop environmental pollution.
XI. Joining two sentences, using the words in brackets.
1. We must conserve water. Otherwise we will face serious water shortages. (IF)
____________________________________________________________________
2. The weather was awful. We didn’t enjoy our camping holiday. (BECAUSE OF)
____________________________________________________________________
3. Plastic bags are non-biodegradable. They will remain in the environment for many years.
(SINCE)
____________________________________________________________________
4. Paul doesn’t think about the planet. He wastes so much water. (IF)
____________________________________________________________________
5. Water pollution happens. Many aquatic animals such as fish can die. (LEAD)
____________________________________________________________________
6. The climate is changing. The earth is getting warmer. (BECAUSE)
____________________________________________________________________
7. We should stop cutting down so many trees. We endanger our oxygen supply. (UNLESS)
____________________________________________________________________
8. People begin to recycle. They generate much less trash. (WHEN)
____________________________________________________________________
9. We are damaging the ozone layer. The ozone layer is necessary for human existence.
(EVEN THOUGH)
____________________________________________________________________
10. Sue is suffering from skin cancer. She was exposed to radiation when she was young. (SO)
____________________________________________________________________
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the underlined part. 1. A. measure B. leather C. clean D. feather
2. A. treatment B. earplug C. hearing D. fear
II. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 3. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. informal
4. A. dramatic B. tornado C. historic D. injury
III. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D). 1. .............. loss can be caused by noise pollution. A. sound B. hearing C. listening D. audio
2. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. This leads .............. the death of many aquatic animals and
plants. A. to B. in C. from D. at
3. Households pollute water sources by .............. waste into ponds, lakes, and rivers. A. damaging B. dumping C. losing D. leading
4. This month’s electricity bill is too high .............. the air conditioner is turned on all the time. A. since B. due to C. although D. because of
5. The government has come .............. a solution to the water problems of the city. A. up to B. up with C. to with D. on to
6. All the aquatic plants and animals will die if the factory .............. dumping poison into the lake. A. will keep B. to keep C. kept D. keeps
7. A lot of fish has died recently because of the .............. water in this lake. A. contaminating B. contaminated C. contaminate D. contaminant
8. If the air was clean, we .............. have to wear masks when going out. A. wouldn’t B. won’t C. would D. will
9. If I .............. you, I .............. water from that dirty tap. A. am - will drink B. am - won’t drink
C. were - would drink D. were - wouldn’t drink
10. If he .............. trash around his garden, the garden would look very nice now. A. will throw B. would throw C. didn’t throw D. doesn’t throw
2
IV. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 1. 1. If the air in a City_____gets___ (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn. 2. If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we_____won't be___ (not be) able to swim in them in the future. 3. Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people___keep_____ (keep) polluting the environment. 4. If we all use public transport more, we_____will help___ (help) reduce air pollution. 5. If we_____don't stop___ (not stop) over-fishing the oceans, many species____will become____ (become) extinct. V. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 2. 1. If people__weren't_____ (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger. 2. The amount of waste _____would decrease___ (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages. 3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories____didn't dump____ (not dump) so many Chemicals into rivers and oceans. 4. If people stopped using cars completely, there_____would be___ (be) much less pollution. READING
I. Read the passage and complete the sentences. True (T) or false (F). Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other sources create so much
air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the people who live
in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways. These wastes kill fish
and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have difficulties in disposing of their
garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are quickly filling up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work together in different ways to gradually
reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced recycling programmes.
1. Motor vehicles and factories are among some sources of air pollution. T
2. Air pollution doesn’t endanger people‟s health in some cities. F
3. Air pollution is the only problem of the environment mentioned in this passage. F
4. Garbage disposal is a problem in many large cities. T
5. Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution. T
6. We can reduce pollution by recycling programmes only.T
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