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1.
\(x^4-6x^2-12x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^2+1-4x^2-12x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)^2=\left(2x+3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-1=2x+3\\x^2-1=-2x-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x-4=0\\x^2+2x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\pm\sqrt{5}\)
3.
ĐK: \(x\ge-9\)
\(x^4-x^3-8x^2+9x-9+\left(x^2-x+1\right)\sqrt{x+9}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+9}+x^2-9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+9}+x^2-9=0\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+9}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow9=t^2-x\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t+x^2+x-t^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+t\right)\left(x-t+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-t\\x=t-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\sqrt{x+9}\\x=\sqrt{x+9}-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
a) đkxđ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+1\ge0\\x\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{-1}{2}\\x\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) đkxđ: \(2x^2+1\ge0\) (luôn thỏa mãn \(\forall x\in R\) )
c) đkxđ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1>0\\x+3>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x>-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
d) đkxđ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4\ne0\\x+1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\pm2\\x\ge-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne2\\x\ge-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}=3\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}=a;\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}=b\left(a;b>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=3\\b^2-a^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=3\\\left(b+a\right)\left(b-a\right)=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+a=3\\b-a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (nhận)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+3=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\) (nhận)
b) \(\sqrt{3-x+x^2}-\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3-x+x^2}=a;\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=b\left(a;b>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=1\\a^2+b^2=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b+1\\\left(b^2+2b+1\right)+b^2-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b+1\\2\left(b-1\right)\left(b+2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (vì \(b+2>0\)) (nhận)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+x-x^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (nhận)
d) \(5\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt{x}}=2x+\dfrac{1}{2x}+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+4=5\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left[\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)^2-1\right]-5\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)^2-5\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)+2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=a\left(a\ge\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2-5a+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(2a-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\left(\text{nhận}\right)\\a=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\text{loại}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-4\sqrt{x}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{2}\\\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{2-\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (nhận)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{3-2\sqrt{2}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (nhận)
a) \(x+1+\dfrac{2}{x+3}=\dfrac{x+5}{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{x+5}{x+3}=\dfrac{x+5}{x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
b) \(2x+\dfrac{3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+x+\dfrac{3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{x^2-x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x}{x-1}-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x-x\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{3x-x^2+x}{x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+3=3x-x^2+x\) ( điều kiện \(x\ne1\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+3=0\)
\(\Delta=b^2-4ac\)
\(\Delta=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
c) \(\dfrac{x^2-4x-2}{\sqrt{x-2}}=\sqrt{x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-2=\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}\) ( điều kiện \(x>2\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-2=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(loại\right)\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=5\)
d) \(\dfrac{2x^2-x-3}{\sqrt{2x-3}}=\sqrt{2x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-3=\sqrt{\left(2x-3\right)^2}\) ( điều kiện \(x>\dfrac{3}{2}\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-3=2x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(loại\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm