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nC=4,8/12=0,4(mol)
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: C+ O2 -to-> CO2
Ta có: 0,4/1 > 0,3/1
=> C dư, O2 hết, tính theo nO2
=> nCO2=nC(p.ứ)=nO2=0,3(mol)
=>nC(dư)=0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)
=>mC(dư)=0,1.12=1,2(g)
V(CO2,đktc)=V(O2,đktc)=6,72(l) (Số mol tỉ lệ thuận thể tích)
$a) CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O$
b) $n_{CH_4} = \dfrac{3,92}{22,4} = 0,175(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12(mol)$
Ta thấy : $n_{CH_4} : 1 > n_{O_2} : 2$ nên $CH_4$ dư
$n_{CH_4\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,06(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\ dư} = (0,175 - 0,06).16 = 1,84(gam)$
c) $2NaOH + CO_2 \to Na_2CO_3 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Na_2CO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_4} = 0,06(mol)$
$m_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,06.106 = 6,36(gam)$
\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(4mol\) \(2mol\)
Xét tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(2mol\) \(2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)
Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O2 pư hết
\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1 :
$n_C = \dfrac{4,8}{12} = 0,4(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,437}{24,79} = 0,3(mol)$$
$C + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_C : 1 > n_{O_2} : 1$ nên C dư
$n_{C\ pư} = n_{O_2} = 0,3(mol) \Rightarrow m_{C\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,3).12 = 1,2(gam)$
$\Rightarorw V_{CO_2} = V_{O_2} = 7,437(lít)$
Câu 2 :
$n_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,4}{24} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{9,916}{24,79} = 0,4(mol)$
$Mg + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} MgCl_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Mg} : 1 < n_{Cl_2} : 1$ nên $Cl_2$ dư
$n_{Cl_2\ pư} = n_{Mg} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Cl_2\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,1).71 = 21,3(gam)$
$n_{MgCl_2}= n_{Mg} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2} = 0,1.95 = 9,5(gam)$
a)
\(n_P = \dfrac{6,2}{31} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\)
Ta thấy :
\(\dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06\) nên O2 dư.
\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,25).32 = 1,6(gam)\)
b)
\(n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{n_P}{2} = 0,1(mol)$\\ m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)
$n_{C_2H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol) ; n_{O_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$2C_2H_2 + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 4CO_2 + 2H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{C_2H_2} : 2 > n_{O_2} : 5$ nên $C_2H_2$ dư
Theo PTHH :
$n_{C_2H_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CO_2} = 0,4(mol) ; n_{H_2O} = 0,2(mol)$
Suy ra :
$m_{C_2H_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,2).26 = 2,6(gam)$
$m_{CO_2} = 0,4.44 = 17,6(gam)$
$m_{H_2O} = 0,2.18 = 3,6(gam)$
\(V_{CO_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
\(A_{CO_2}=0,5.6.10^{23}=3.10^{23}\) (phân tử \(CO_2\) )
2.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)
=> \(n_O=2nCO_2=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\) (*)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{3,6}{18}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_H=2n_{H_2O}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2)
=> \(n_O=n_{H_2O}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) (**)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,8}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_O=2n_{O_2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (3)
\(X+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+H_2O\)
Từ (1),(2),(3), (*), (**) suy ra: \(n_C:n_H:n_O=0,1:0,4:0\)
=> Công thức tổng quát của X là \(C_xH_y\)
có: \(x:y=n_C:n_H=0,1:0,4=1:4\)
=> X là: \(CH_4\)
Sơ đồ pứ: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(m_{CH_4}=3,6+0,2.44-0,2.32=6\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH4 + 2O2 --to--> CO2 + 2H2O
0,05-->0,1------->0,05
2C2H2 + 5O2 --to--> 4CO2 + 2H2O
0,125<--0,3125<----0,25
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,05+0,125}.100\%=28,57\%\\\%V_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,05+0,125}.100\%=71,43\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,05.16}{0,05.16+0,125.26}.100\%=19,753\%\\\%m_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{0,125.26}{0,05.16+0,125.26}.100\%=80,247\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{O_2}=0,1+0,3125=0,4125\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,4125.22,4=9,24\left(l\right)\)
=> Vkk = 9,24.5 = 46,2 (l)
PTHH: \(C+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=\dfrac{6,4}{12}=\dfrac{8}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) C còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7}{30}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7}{30}\cdot12=2,8\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nCnC == 4,812=0,4(mol)4,812=0,4(mol)
nO2nO2 == 6,7222,4=0,3(mol)6,7222,4=0,3(mol)
PTHH: C+O2C+O2 to→→to CO2CO2
Do: 0,4>0,30,4>0,3 →→ CC dư
Theo PT: nC(pư)nC(pư) == nCO2nCO2 == nO2nO2 == 0,3(mol)0,3(mol)
nC(dư)nC(dư) == 0,4−0,3=0,1(mol)0,4-0,3=0,1(mol)
mC(dư)mC(dư) == 0,1.12=1,2(g)0,1.12=1,2(g)
VCO2VCO2 == 0,3.22,4=6,72(l)