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Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4a^3\left(b+c\right)}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{4b^3\left(c+a\right)}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^3\left(a+b\right)}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge ab+bc+ac\) (đpcm)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\cdot\frac{b+c}{4bc}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}\cdot\frac{c+a}{4ca}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\cdot\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà\(\frac{b+c}{4bc}+\frac{c+a}{4ca}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)nên:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
hay\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
Bất đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
d/ Đặt \(x=a+b\) , \(y=b+c\) , \(z=c+a\)
thì : \(a=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\) ; \(b=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\) ; \(c=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{\frac{x+z-y}{2}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y-z}{2}}{z}+\frac{\frac{y+z-x}{2}}{x}\)
\(=\frac{z+x-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}+\frac{y+z-x}{2x}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}-3\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}.6-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\ge6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b^2-2abc+c^2\right)+\left(b^2c^2-2abc+a^2\right)+\left(c^2a^2-2abc+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-c\right)^2+\left(bc-a\right)^2+\left(ca-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt ban đầu dc chứng minh.
Ta thấy: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+bc}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}}\)
Ta lại có: \(\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}\le\frac{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)+\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a^2+bc\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}\)
Nhận thấy: \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc+2\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
Theo Schur: \(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
a)Áp dụng Bđt Cô si ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
Cộng theo vế 2 bđt trên ta có:
\(3\ge\frac{3\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}+1\right)}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)
Dấu = khi a=b=c
b)Áp dụng Bđt Cô-si ta có:
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc^2a}{ab}}=2c\)
\(\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca^2b}{bc}}=2a\)
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2ac}{ac}}=2b\)
Cộng theo vế 3 bđt trên ta có:
\(2\left(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge a+b+c\)
Đấu = khí a=b=c
Đặt \(P=\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^2}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4a}{9}\)(1)
\(\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^2}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4b}{9}\)(2)
\(\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{c^2}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4c}{9}\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\)ta được:
\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{27}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{c^2a^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel(hoặc áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc: \(\frac{p^2}{m}+\frac{q^2}{n}\ge\frac{\left(p+q\right)^2}{m+n}\) 2 lần),ta có:
\(VT=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^2}\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b^2}\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\) (thay abc = 1 vào)
\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)