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Đặt: \(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{7}{8}.....\frac{2013}{2014}\) (1)
Ta thấy \(A< \frac{2}{3}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.\frac{8}{9}.....\frac{2014}{2015}\)
Do đó nhân vế với vế, ta được:
\(A^2< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{6}{7}.\frac{7}{8}.\frac{8}{9}.....\frac{2013}{2014}.\frac{2014}{2015}\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2< \frac{1}{2015}\)
Mặt khác, \(A>\frac{1}{2}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{6}{7}.\frac{8}{9}.....\frac{2014}{2015}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2), ta được:
\(A^2>\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{3}{4}.\frac{4}{5}.\frac{5}{6}.\frac{6}{7}.\frac{7}{8}.\frac{8}{9}.....\frac{2013}{2014}.\frac{2014}{2015}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2>\frac{1}{4}.\frac{3}{2015}\Rightarrow A^2>\frac{3}{8060}>\frac{1}{4028}\)
Xét \( A = 1 + \dfrac{{2014}}{2} + \dfrac{{2015}}{3} + ... + \dfrac{{4023}}{{2011}} + \dfrac{{4024}}{{2012}}\\ \)
\(\Rightarrow A - 2012 = \left( {\dfrac{{2014}}{2} - 1} \right) + \left( {\dfrac{{2015}}{3} - 1} \right) + ... + \left( {\dfrac{{4024}}{{2012}} - 1} \right)\\ \Rightarrow A - 2012 = \dfrac{{2012}}{2} + \dfrac{{2012}}{3} + ... + \dfrac{{2012}}{{2012}}\\ \Rightarrow A - 2012 = 2012\left( {\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow A = 2012\left( {1 + \dfrac{1}{2} + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow \left( {1 + \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)503x = 2012\left( {1 + ... + \dfrac{1}{{2012}}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow x = \dfrac{{2012}}{{503}} = 4 \)
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)x=2013+\frac{2012}{2}+...+\frac{2}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)x=1+\left(1+\frac{2012}{2}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{2}{2012}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)x=\frac{2014}{2014}+\frac{2014}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{2014}{2012}+\frac{2014}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)x=2014.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2014}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2014\)
Lưu ý: số 2013 ở dòng T2 được tách ra làm 2013 số 1
\(\frac{1}{4028}< \frac{1}{2}.....\frac{2013}{2014}< \frac{1}{2015}\)
Xét tích: \(\frac{1}{2}.....\frac{2013}{2014}\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}...\frac{2013}{2014}\)\(=\frac{1.2.3...2013}{2.3.4...2014}\)\(=\frac{1}{2014}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4028}< \frac{1}{2014}< \frac{1}{2015}\)( Vô lí )
\(D=\frac{\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+\frac{2013}{4}+...+\frac{2013}{2014}}{\frac{2013}{1}+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)}{\left(\frac{2012}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2011}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2013}+1\right)+1}\)
\(=\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)}{\frac{2014}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{2014}{2013}+\frac{2014}{2014}}\)
\(=\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)}{2014\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2014}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2013}{2014}\)
