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a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3y=5\\4x-5y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x+6y=10\\4x-5y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3y=5\\11y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3\cdot\dfrac{9}{11}=5\\y=\dfrac{9}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+\dfrac{27}{11}=5\\y=\dfrac{9}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=\dfrac{28}{11}\\y=\dfrac{9}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{14}{11}\\y=\dfrac{9}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x=\dfrac{14}{11};y=\dfrac{9}{11}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\dfrac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\dfrac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}\ge\dfrac{1}{30}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{30}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
đặt\(A=\dfrac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\dfrac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\dfrac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(=>A=\dfrac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
BBDT AM-GM
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
theo BDT AM -GM ta chứng minh được \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
vì \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(y^2+z^2\ge2yz\)
\(x^2+z^2\ge2xz\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)< =>xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(=>2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=>A\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}}{10}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(đpcm\right)\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=1/3
Ta khẳng định : Dấu '=' xảy ra tại x=a, y=b, z=c
Khi đó \(4a+3b+4c=22;\frac{1}{3x}=\frac{1}{3a}=\frac{x}{3a^2},\frac{2}{y}=\frac{2}{b}=\frac{2y}{b^2},\frac{3}{z}=\frac{3}{c}=\frac{3z}{c^2}\)và :
\(\frac{1}{3x}+\frac{x}{3a^2}\ge\frac{2}{3a},\frac{2}{y}+\frac{2y}{b^2}\ge\frac{4}{b},\frac{3}{z}+\frac{3z}{c^2}\ge\frac{6}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+y+z+\left(\frac{2}{3a}-\frac{x}{3a^2}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{b}-\frac{2y}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{6}{c}-\frac{3z}{c^2}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{3a^2}\right)x+\left(1-\frac{2}{b^2}\right)y+\left(1-\frac{3}{c^2}\right)z+\left(\frac{2}{3a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\right)\)(*)
Ta chọn a,b,c thích hợp để sử dụng giả thiết \(4x+3y+4z=22\).. Vậy thì các hệ số của x,y,z trong (*) phải thỏa:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}4a+3b+4c=22\\\frac{1-\frac{1}{3a^2}}{4}=\frac{1-\frac{2}{b^2}}{3}=\frac{1-\frac{3}{c^2}}{4}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{cases}}}\)
\(\frac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\frac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\frac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3zy+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2x^2+2y^2+2z^2+8xy+8yz+8xz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
Xét \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 3 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\\y^2+z^2\ge2\sqrt{y^2z^2}=2yz\\x^2+z^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2z^2}=2xz\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng từng vế:
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le8\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{10\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}\)
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{10}\ge\frac{1}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{1}{30}\)
Vì \(\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+8\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{2x^2+3xy+5xz}+\frac{y^4}{2y^2+3yz+5xy}+\frac{z^4}{2z^2+3xz+5yz}\ge\frac{1}{30}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^3}{2x+3y+5z}+\frac{y^3}{2y+3z+5x}+\frac{z^3}{2z+3x+5y}\ge\frac{1}{30}\) ( đpcm )
chịu chết
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau:
Ta có: \(x\left(3-4x^2\right)=-4x^3+3x-1+1=1-\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4x^2}{x\left(3-4x^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{4x^2}{1}=4x^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(Q\ge4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge4\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
