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Ta cóA= 3n+3+2n+3+3n+1+2n+2=3n.27+2n.8+3n.3+2n.4=3n.(27+3)+2n.(8+4)=3n.30+2n.12
Vì 30 chia hết cho 6 ,12 chia hết cho 6 suy ra 3n.30 chia hết cho 6,2n.12 chia hết cho 6
suy ra 3n.30+2n.12 chia hết cho 6
suy ra A chia hết cho 6
Đặt
\(A_k=1+2+3+....+k=\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\)
\(A_{k-1}=1+2+3+....+\left(k-1\right)=\frac{k\left(k-1\right)}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(A_k^2-A_{k-1}^2=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{2}-\frac{\left(k-1\right)^2k^2}{2}=\frac{k^2}{2}\left(k^2+2k+1-k^2+2k-1\right)=k^3\)
Khi đó:
\(1^3=A_1^2\)
\(2^3=A_2^2-A_1^2\)
\(...........\)
\(n^3=A_n^2-A_{n-1}^2\)
Khi đó:
\(1^3+2^3+3^3+...+n^3=A_n^3=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1^3+2^3+......+n^3}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
=> ĐPCM
Cách khác:
Ta sẽ đi chứng minh \(1^3+2^3+3^3+....+n^3=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Với n=1 thì mệnh đề trên đúng
Giả sử mệnh đề trên đúng với n=k ta sẽ chứng minh mệnh đề đúng với n=k+1
Ta có:
\(A_k=1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+k^3=\left[\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh:
\(A_{k+1}=1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+\left(k+1\right)^3=\left[\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Thật vậy !
\(A_{k+1}=1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(=\left[\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2+\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{4}+\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(k+1\right)^2\left(\frac{k^2}{4}+k+1\right)\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Theo nguyên lý quy nạp ta có điều phải chứng minh.
a,thay n=1 vào thì sẽ bằng 24 ko chia hết cho 10 nên đề sai
b, \(5^n\left(5^2+5^1+1\right)=5^n.31\)
\(\left(3^{n+2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n\right)\)
\(=3^n.3^2-2^n.2^2+3^n-2^n\)
\(=\left(3^n.9+3^n\right)-\left(2^n.4+2^n\right)\)
\(=3^n\left(9+1\right)-2^n\left(4+1\right)\)
\(=3^n\left(9+1\right)-2^{n-1}.2\left(4+1\right)\)
\(=3^n.10-2^{n-1}.10\)
\(=10\left(3^n-2^{n-1}\right)⋮10\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
\(a)A=\dfrac{2^{12}.3^5-4^6.9^2}{\left(2^2.3\right)^6+8^4.3^5}-\dfrac{5^{10}.7^3-25^5.49^2}{\left(125.7\right)^3+5^9.14^3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2^{12}.3^5-\left(2^2\right)^63.\left(3^2\right)^2}{\left(2^2\right)^6.3^6+\left(2^3\right)^4.3^5}-\dfrac{5^{10}.7^3-\left(5^2\right)^5.\left(7^2\right)^2}{\left(5^3\right)^3.7^3+5^9.\left(7.2\right)^3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2^{12}.3^5-2^{12}.3^5}{2^{12}.3^6+2^{12}.3^5}-\dfrac{5^{10}.7^3-5^{10}.7^4}{5^6.7^3+5^9.7^3.2^3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{0}{2^{12}.3^6+2^{12}.3^5}-\dfrac{5^{10}.7^3\left(1-7\right)}{5^6.7^3\left(1+5^3+2^3\right)}\)
\(A=0-\dfrac{5^4.\left(-6\right)}{1+125+8}\)
\(A=0-\dfrac{625.\left(-6\right)}{134}\)
\(A=\dfrac{-3750}{134}\)\(=\dfrac{-1875}{67}\)
\(b)3^{n+2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n\)
\(=3^n.3^2-2^n.2^2+3^n-2^n\)
\(=(3^n.9+3^n)-\left(2^n.4+2^n\right)\)
\(=3^n.10-2^n.5\)
\(=3^n.10-2^{n-1}.10\)
\(=10\left(3^n-2^{n-1}\right)⋮10\)
\(Suy\) \(ra:\) \(3^{n+2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n⋮10\)
b. Ta có: \(3^{n +2}-2^{n+2}+3^n-2^n\)
\(=\left(3^{n+2}+3^n\right)-\left(2^{n+2}+2^n\right)\)
\(=\left(3^n.3^2+3^n\right)-\left(2^{n-1}.2^3+2^{n-1}.2\right)\)
\(=3^n.\left(3^2+1\right)-2^{n-1}\left(2^3+2\right)\)
\(=3^n.10-2^{n-1}.10⋮10\)
a)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n-1}< 1\)
=>\(0< \frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\) không phải là số nguyên
mà n -1 là số nguyên
=> \(S_n=\frac{1^2-1}{1}+\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(=n-1-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)không là số nguyên
Đặt \(A_k=1+2+3+4+.....+k=\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\Rightarrow A_k^2=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}{4}\)
\(A_{k-1}=1+2+3+4+.....+\left(k-1\right)=\frac{k\left(k-1\right)}{2}\Rightarrow A_{k-1}^2=\frac{k^2\left(k-1\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_k^2-A_{k-1}^2=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2-k^2\left(k-1\right)^2}{4}=\frac{k^2\left(k^2+2k+1-k^2+2k-1\right)}{4}=\frac{4k^3}{4}=k^3\)
Khi đó:
\(1^3=A_1^2\)
\(2^3=A_2^2-A_1^2\)
\(3^3=A_3^2-A_2^2\)
\(.........................................................................................\)
\(n^3=A_n^2-A_{n-1}^2\)
\(\Rightarrow1^3+2^3+3^3+.....+n^3=A_n^2=\left(1+2+3+......+n\right)^2=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Đề ghi sót . Vế cuối là móc vuông đó bình phương chư
\(B=\left(3^{n+3}-2^{n+3}+3^{n+1}-2^{n+1}\right)\)
\(=3^{n+1}\left(3^2+1\right)-2^{n+1}\left(2^2+1\right)\)
\(=3^{n+1}.10-2^{n+1}.5\)
\(=3^{n+1}.10+2^n.2.5\)
\(=3^{n+1}.10+2^n.10\)
\(=10\left(3^{n+1}+2^n\right)\)\(⋮\)\(10\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(Â=3^{n+3}+3^{n+1}+2^{n+3}+2^{n+1}\)
\(=3^n\left(3^3+3\right)+2^{n+1}\left(2^2+1\right)\)
\(=3^n.30+2^{n+1}.\left(2^2+2\right).\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=3^n.30+2^{n+1}.6.\frac{1}{2}\)
Mà \(3^n.30⋮6;2^{n+1}.6.\frac{1}{2}⋮6\)
\(\Rightarrow3^n.30+2^{n+1}.6.\frac{1}{2}⋮6\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮6\left(đpcm\right)\)