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\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}u_n+\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow u_{n+1}-2=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(u_n-2\right)\)
Đặt \(u_n-2=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-2=1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(q=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow v_n=1.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{n-1}=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=v_n+2=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{n-1}+2\)
\(u_2=\sqrt{2}\left(2+3\right)-3=5\sqrt{2}-3\)
\(u_3=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}.5\sqrt{2}-3=5\sqrt{3}-3\)
\(u_4=\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{3}}.5\sqrt{3}-3=5\sqrt{4}-3\)
....
\(\Rightarrow u_n=5\sqrt{n}-3\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n}{\sqrt{n}}=\lim\limits\dfrac{5\sqrt{n}-3}{\sqrt{n}}=5\)
Đặt \(u_n=v_n+1\Rightarrow v_{n+1}+1=\dfrac{2017+v_n+1}{2019-\left(v_n+1\right)}=\dfrac{2018+v_n}{2018-v_n}\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=\dfrac{2018+v_n}{2018-v_n}-1=\dfrac{2v_n}{2018-v_n}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{v_{n+1}}=1009\dfrac{1}{v_n}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{v_n}=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{1}{v_1}=\dfrac{1}{u_1-1}=1\\x_{n+1}=1009x_n-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2016}=1009\left(x_n-\dfrac{1}{2016}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x_n-\dfrac{1}{2016}\) là CSN với công bội 1009 \(\Rightarrow x_n-\dfrac{1}{2016}=\dfrac{2015}{2016}.1009^{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow x_n=\dfrac{2015}{2016}1009^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=v_n+1=\dfrac{1}{x_n}+1=\dfrac{2016}{2015.1009^{n-1}+1}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(u_n\right)=1\)
Có thể đặt \(u_n=v_n+2017\) nữa bác nhỉ, bác có công thức tổng quát tìm t không ạ: \(u_n=v_n+t\).
\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{n+4}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}+\dfrac{2}{n+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{3}{n+1+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}\right)\)
Đặt \(u_n-\dfrac{3}{n+1}=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_1-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n\) là CSN với công bội \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{3}{n+1}\)