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Ta có :
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)( vì c khác a )
\(\Leftrightarrow abc-acd+bd^2-b^2d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac-bd=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\)
\(\Rightarrow abcd=\left(ac\right)\left(bd\right)=\left(ac\right)^2\)
Vậy ......................................
Lời giải:
Điều kiện đề bài đã cho tương đương với:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}-1+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+d}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{a}{a+d}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{a+d})+c(\frac{1}{d+c}-\frac{1}{b+c})=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a(d-b)}{(a+b)(a+d)}+\frac{c(b-d)}{(d+c)(b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (d-b)(\frac{a}{(a+b)(a+d)}-\frac{c}{(c+d)(c+b)})=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(d-b)(a-c)(bd-ac)}{(a+b)(a+d)(c+d)(c+b)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow (d-b)(a-c)(bd-ac)=0\)
Mà $a,b,c,d$ đôi một khác nhau nên suy ra $bd-ac=0$
$\Rightarrow bd=ac$
$\Rightarrow abcd=(bd)^2$ là số chính phương với mọi $a,b,c,d$ nguyên dương.
Ta có đpcm.
Lời giải:
Điều kiện đề bài đã cho tương đương với:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}-1+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+d}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{a}{a+d}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(\frac{1}{a+b}-\frac{1}{a+d})+c(\frac{1}{d+c}-\frac{1}{b+c})=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a(d-b)}{(a+b)(a+d)}+\frac{c(b-d)}{(d+c)(b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (d-b)(\frac{a}{(a+b)(a+d)}-\frac{c}{(c+d)(c+b)})=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(d-b)(a-c)(bd-ac)}{(a+b)(a+d)(c+d)(c+b)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow (d-b)(a-c)(bd-ac)=0\)
Mà $a,b,c,d$ đôi một khác nhau nên suy ra $bd-ac=0$
$\Rightarrow bd=ac$
$\Rightarrow abcd=(bd)^2$ là số chính phương với mọi $a,b,c,d$ nguyên dương.
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)-d\left(c-a\right)\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)-d\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bad+bd^2+bca+bcd-dab-dac-db^2-cbd=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bca-dca+bd^2-db^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ca-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ca=bd\Rightarrow abcd=bd^2\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\)
\(>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
Tương tự ta cũng chứng minh được \(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}+\frac{a}{d+a}>1\)
mà \(\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}+\frac{a}{d+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+d}{c+d}+\frac{d+a}{d+a}=4\)
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}\)là số nguyên
do đó \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{d}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)(vì \(a\ne c\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\)(vì \(b\ne d\))
Khi đó \(abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\)là số chính phương.
Tách ra bạn có: \(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a}=2\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{b}{b+c}+1-\frac{c}{c+d}-\frac{d}{d+a}=0\)
Quy đồng: \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)-d\left(c-a\right)\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)=0\)
Do a<>c:
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)-d\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)=0\)
Phá ngoặc:
\(\Leftrightarrow bad+bd^2+bca+bcd-dab-dac-db^2-cbd=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bca-dca+bd^2-db^2=0\)
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ca-bd\right)=0\)
Do b<>d:
\(\Rightarrow ca=bd\Rightarrow abcd=bd^2\)
