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\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+1}{a+b+c-abc}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+1}{a+b+c-abc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge a+b+c+\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) (1)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c+b}{a+c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\left(3+\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\left(3+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\left(3+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) (2)
Cộng vế (1) và (2):
\(\Rightarrow4P\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{10}{a+b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{50\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}}=10\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(P\ge\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{b^2+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+c^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+b^2+c^2}\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(a^2+b^2;b^2+c^2;a^2+c^2\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2\left(\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}+2\left(\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{yz+xy}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xy+yz+zx}=3+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt a + b + c = t \(\left(3\ge t\ge\sqrt{3}\right)\).
Ta có \(P=\dfrac{t^2-3}{2}+3t=\dfrac{t^2+6t-3}{2}=\dfrac{\left(t-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(t+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+6\sqrt{3}}{2}\ge3\sqrt{3}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 0, b = \(\sqrt{3}\), c = 0.
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(M\ge\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{2}+a^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(c^2+a^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
Xét:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}+b-\dfrac{b^2c}{b^2+c^2}+c-\dfrac{c^2a}{c^2+a^2}\)
\(\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{ab^2}{2ab}-\dfrac{b^2c}{2bc}-\dfrac{c^2a}{2ac}=a+b+c-\dfrac{a}{2}-\dfrac{b}{2}-\dfrac{c}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\ge1."="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
dòng thứ 5 từ dưới lên cái đầu là bc^2 nhé. Cái sau là ca^2
Ta có: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=\sqrt{3};\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}\le\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=3\).
Đặt \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}=t\) \((\sqrt{3}\leq t\leq 3)\).
Ta có: \(P=t+\dfrac{9-t^2}{4}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}=\dfrac{4t^3+9t^2-t^4+4}{4t^2}\).
\(\Rightarrow P-\dfrac{28}{9}=\dfrac{\left(3-t\right)\left(9t^3-9t^2+4t+12\right)}{36}\).
Do \(\sqrt{3}\le t\le3\) nên \(3-t\geq 0\); \(9t^3-9t^2+4t+12>4t+12>0\).
Nên \(P\ge\dfrac{28}{9}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi t = 3, tức (a, b, c) = (0; 0; 3) và các hoán vị.
Vậy...
\(P=\dfrac{a^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3b}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
\(M\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\sqrt{1-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\text{Đặt }t=\sqrt{1-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=\frac{1-t^2}{2}\)
\(\text{Ta có: }0\le ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\in\left[0;\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\in\left[-\frac{2}{3};0\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow1-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\in\left[\frac{1}{3};1\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow t\in\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}};1\right]\)
\(M=3.\frac{1-t^2}{2}+2t=-\frac{3}{2}t^2+2t+\frac{3}{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên hàm bậc 2, suy ra \(\text{Min }M\text{ (}t\in\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}};1\right]\text{) }=2\text{ tại }t=1\)
Vậy GTNN của M là 2 khi t = 1 hay \(ab+bc+ca=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;0;0\right);\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;0\right)\)
Lời giải:
$A=a-\frac{ac}{c+a^2}+b-\frac{ab}{a+b^2}+c-\frac{bc}{b+c^2}$
$=\sum a-\sum \frac{ac}{c+a^2}$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: $c+a^2\geq 2a\sqrt{c}$
$\Rightarrow A\geq \sum a-\frac{1}{2}\sum \sqrt{c}$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$(\sum \sqrt{c})^2\leq (c+a+b)(1+1+1)$
$\Rightarrow \sum \sqrt{c}\leq 3\sum a$
Do đó $A\geq \sum a-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{3\sum a}$
Đặt $\sqrt{3\sum a}=t$ thì $A\geq \frac{t^2}{3}-\frac{t}{2}(*)$
Từ điều kiện $ab+bc+ac=3abc\Rightarrow 3=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$3=\sum \frac{1}{a}\geq \frac{9}{\sum a}\Rightarrow \sum a\geq 3$
$\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{3\sum a}\geq 3$
Do đó:
$\frac{t^2}{3}-\frac{t}{2}=(t-3)(\frac{t}{3}+\frac{1}{2})+\frac{3}{2}\geq \frac{3}{2}$ với mọi $t\geq 3(**)$
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{3}{2}$
Vậy $A_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}$ khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+bc}=a-\dfrac{abc}{a^2+bc}\ge a-\dfrac{abc}{2a\sqrt{bc}}=a-\dfrac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+ca}\ge b-\dfrac{\sqrt{ac}}{2};\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ab}\ge c-\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge a+b+c-\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\right)=2022-\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}\right)\)
\(do:\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\le a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2022-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=2022-\dfrac{2022}{2}=1011\)
\(min_M=2021\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=674\)
có đoạn bạn sửa lại tí nhé tại lúc đầu mình đọc đề thành \(a+b+c=2022\)
\(M\ge a+b+c-\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}{2}\right)\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{2022}{2}=1011\)