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Dat \(\left(\frac{a}{b};\frac{b}{c};\frac{c}{a}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{x+y+1}\)
We need to prove:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{x+y+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x+y}{x+y+1}\ge2\left(M\right)\)
We have:
\(VT_M\ge\frac{\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{x+y}\right)^2}{2\Sigma_{cyc}x+3}\)
Now we need to prove
\(\frac{\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{x+y}\right)^2}{2\Sigma_{cyc}x+3}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}x+3\left(M_1\right)\)
Consider:
\(VT_{M_1}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\)
Now we need to prove:
\(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\ge x+y+z+3\)
\(xy+yz+zx\ge3\) (Not fail with xyz=1)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c=1\\x=y=z=1\end{cases}}\)
GT => (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=(a+1)+(b+1)+(c+1)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a+1}=x,\frac{1}{1+b}=y,\frac{1}{c+1}=z\), ta cần tìm min của\(\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)với xy+yz+zx=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Mà (x+y)(y+z)(z+x) >= 8/9 (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz) >= \(\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{9}\) nên \(M\)=< \(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\),dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=\(\sqrt{3}-1\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{y};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{z}\right)\). Khi đó giả thiết bài toán được viết lại thành xy + yz + zx = 3
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{a^2+2a+2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}\)\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+1+\frac{1}{a+1}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}+\frac{z}{z^2+3}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}\right)=\sqrt{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)hay \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Em thử nha, rất là thích BĐT :33
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta có :
\(Q=\frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{ab}{a+b}=\left(\frac{a+b}{4ab}+\frac{ab}{a+b}\right)+\frac{3\left(a+b\right)}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{4ab}\cdot\frac{ab}{a+b}}+\frac{3\left(a+b\right)}{4ab}\)
\(\ge2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3\cdot2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=1+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{5}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy : min \(Q=\frac{5}{2}\) tại \(a=b=1\)
Do a, b, c dương áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}}=2c^2\)(1)
Tương tự \(\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}\ge2a^2\) (2) và \(\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}\ge2b^2\) (3)
Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế rồi chia 2 vế cho 2 ta được \(\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
Ta có \(P^2=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ac}{b}+\frac{ac}{b}.\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ab}{c}\right)\)
\(P^2=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+2\ge1+2=3\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\sqrt{3}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a=b=c=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{b^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{c}{4a}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+\frac{c}{b}\right)}+\frac{c}{4a}\)
Ta đặt \(\frac{b}{a}=x;\frac{c}{b}=y\Rightarrow\frac{c}{a}=xy\)
\(P=\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^2}+\frac{xy}{4}\)
Lại có \(\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+y\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{xy+1}\)
Thật vậy, bđt trên tương đương với:
\(\left(xy+1\right)\left[\left(1+x\right)^2+\left(1+y\right)^2\right]\ge\left(1+x\right)^2\left(1+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+2x+2y+2\right)\ge\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\left(y^2+2y+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2x-x^2y^2-2xy+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(xy-1\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Suy ra: \(P\ge\frac{1}{xy+1}+\frac{xy}{4}=\frac{1}{xy+1}+\frac{xy+1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy+1}\frac{xy+1}{4}}-\frac{1}{4}\left(AM-GM\right)\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Vì ( a - b )2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)a,b \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\). Mà ab = 4 \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b-2\right).8}{a-b}\)
Đặt t = a + b \(\Rightarrow t\ge4\)( Do \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}=4\))
\(\frac{\left(t-2\right).8}{t}=\frac{8t-16}{t}=8-\frac{16}{t}\)
Vì \(t\ge4\Rightarrow\frac{16}{t}\le\frac{16}{4}\Rightarrow-\frac{16}{t}\ge-4\Rightarrow\left(8-\frac{16}{t}\right)\ge8-4=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\ge4\)Dấu '' = '' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a,b=4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{\left(a+b-2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a+b}\)min \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)
