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Ta có:
\(\left(a^2+1\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+\left(c^2+1\right)+\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)
\(\ge2a+2b+2c+2ab+2bc+2ca=12\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge12\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(P\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si cho hai số dương ta có:
(a2 + b2) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca) (1) (a2 + 1) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2a + 2b + 2c
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 ≥ 2(a + b + c) (2)
Cộng các vế của (1) và (2) ta có:
3 ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca + a + b + c)
=> 3( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 12 => a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3.
Ta có: (a^3/b + ab ) + ( b^3/c + bc ) + ( c^3/a + ca)≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2) (CÔ SI)
<=>a^3/b + b^3/c + c^3/a +ab + bc + ac ≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2)
Vì a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ca => a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3 (đpcm).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho hai số dương ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2a+2b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)
Cộng (1) với (2)
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge12\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ca\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) (đpcm).
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\right)-3=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Từ đó suy ra đpcm
Đặt vế trái là P
\(P=\dfrac{1.c+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{1.a+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{1.b+ac}{a+c}=\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}\)
\(P=\dfrac{ac+c^2+bc+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{a^2+ac+ab+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac+b^2+bc}{a+c}\)
\(P=\dfrac{c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=2\left(a+c\right)\) (1)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(b+c\right)\) (2)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):
\(2.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+2.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+2.\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(b+c\right)+2\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)