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a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow27a+56b=11\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3a+2b=0,4\cdot2=0,8\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11}\cdot100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}=50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot133,5+0,1\cdot127=39,4\left(g\right)\)
c) Bảo toàn electron: \(3\cdot0,2+3\cdot0,1=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,45\cdot22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
a) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y
Có 27x + 56y = 11 (1)
Bảo toàn e
3x + 2y = 2.0,4 (2)
Từ 1 và 2 => x = 0,2, y = 0,1
\(\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%=49,09\%\)
\(\%mFe=100-49,09=50,91\%\)
b) BTKL:
m muối = mkim loại + mHCl - mH2
= 11 + 0,4.2.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 39,4g
c)
Bảo toàn e
Al => Al+3 + 3e S+6 + 2e => S+4
0,2 0,6 2x x
Fe => Fe+3 + 3e
0,1 0,3
=> 2x = 0,6 + 0,3 => x = 0,45 mol
=> VSO2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 lít
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
1)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
2)
- Xét TN1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,15<------------------0,15
=> mFe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{14,8}.100\%=56,757\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-56,757\%=43,243\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
3)
- Xét TN2:
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{29,6.43,243\%}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,2-------------------------->0,2
=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ a,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02.56}{4,36}.100\approx25,688\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}\approx74,312\%\\ b,Ta.thấy:2,18=\dfrac{1}{2}.4,36\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh\left(câuB\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.m_{hh\left(câuA\right)}\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ag}=\dfrac{2,18-0,01.56}{108}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ 2Ag+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AgCl\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Ag}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,01+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,015=0,0225\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0225.22,4=0,504\left(l\right)\)
a)
Gọi $n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 65a + 27b = 11,9(1)$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,1; b = 0,2
$m_{Zn} = 0,1.65 = 6,5(gam)$
$m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,8(mol)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,8.36,5}{125}.100\% = 23,36\%$
X+ HCl -> XCl + 1/2 H2
nH2=0,25(mol)
-> nHCl(ban đầu)= (2.0,25) . 110%=0,55(mol)
VddHCl= 0,55/2=0,275(l)=275(ml)
=>mddHCl=275.1,2=330(g)
mddA=mX+ mddHCl -mH2= 14,7+330-0,25.2=344,2(g)
Bài 1:
a+b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{17,6}\cdot100\%\approx63,64\%\\\%m_{Cu}=36,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{CuSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1\cdot400+0,1\cdot160=56\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
Quy đổi hh gồm Fe (a mol) và O (b mol)
\(\Rightarrow56a+16b=27,6\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(3n_{Fe}=2n_O+2n_{SO_2}\) \(\Rightarrow3a-2b=0,45\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,39\\b=0,36\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=0,195\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,195\cdot400=78\left(g\right)\)
\(a,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{13,6}.100\%\approx41,176\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}\approx58,824\%\\ b,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{13,6-0,1.56}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=2.\left(n_{Fe}+n_{CuO}\right)=2.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
