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\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\cdot20\%}{100\%}=3,92\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3,92}{98}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{BaCl_2}}=0,04\cdot208=8,32\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{8,32\cdot100\%}{12\%}\approx69,3\left(g\right)\\ m_{kết.tủa}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,04\cdot233=9,32\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208.10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ 0,1............0,1..............0,1.............0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{8}=122,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ddsau}=208+122,5-23,3=307,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{307,2}.100\approx2,376\%\)
PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208\cdot10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot98}{8\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\\m_{BaSO_4}=0,1\cdot233=23,3\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{BaSO_4}=307,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{307,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,38\%\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(CuSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+CuCl_2\)
Ban đầu: 0,3 0,2
Sau pư: 0,1 0 0,2 0,2
=> \(m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6\left(g\right)\)
b) \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,1-------->0,2
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
0,2------>0,4
=> \(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).40}{15\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
mddH2SO4 = 100 . 1,137 = 113,7
nH2SO4 = 113,7 . 20%/98 = 0,232 mol
nBaCl2 = 400 . 5,29%/208 = 0,1 mol
H2SO4 + BaCl2 —> BaSO4 + 2HCI
Bđ: 0,232 0,1
Pứ: 0,1 0, 1 0,1 0,2
Sau pứ: 0,132 0
mBaSO4 = 0,1.233 = 23,3 gam
Khối lượng dung dịch sau khi lọc bỏ kết tủa:
mddB = mddH2SO4 + mddBaCl2 - mBaSO4 = 490,4
C%HCI = 0,2.36,5/490,4 = 1,49%
C%H2SO4 dư = 0,132.98/490,4 = 2,64%
