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PTHH: \(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
a+b+c) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl}\\n_{K_2SO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_3}=0,25\cdot158=39,5\left(g\right)=a\\m_{KCl}=0,5\cdot74,5=37,25\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{10,95\%}\approx166,67\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{SO_2}=0,25\cdot64=16\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{K_2SO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=190,17\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{37,25}{190,17}\cdot100\%\approx19,59\%\)
d) PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(l\right)\)
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 ↓ + H2O
Mol: 0,25 0,25 0,25
\(C_{M_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5M\)
b, \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,25.100=25\left(g\right)\)
c,
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,25 0,5
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5.100}{20}=91,25\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1:
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 ===> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a)Vì Cu không phản ứng với H2SO4 loãng nên 6,72 lít khí là sản phẩm của Al tác dụng với H2SO4
=> nH2 = 6,72 / 22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
=> nAl = 0,2 (mol)
=> mAl = 0,2 x 27 = 5,4 gam
=> mCu = 10 - 5,4 = 4,6 gam
b) nH2SO4 = nH2 = 0,3 mol
=> mH2SO4 = 0,3 x 98 = 29,4 gam
=> Khối lượng dung dịch H2SO4 20% cần dùng là:
mdung dịch H2SO4 20% = \(\frac{29,4.100}{20}=147\left(gam\right)\)
nH2 = 6.72 : 22.4 = 0.3 mol
Cu không tác dụng với H2SO4
2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0.2 <- 0.3 <- 0.1 <- 0.3 ( mol )
mAl = 0.2 x 56 = 5.4 (g)
mCu = 10 - 5.4 = 4.6 (g )
mH2SO4 = 0.3 x 98 = 29.4 ( g)
mH2SO4 20% = ( 29.4 x100 ) : 20 = 147 (g)
PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow2KCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{KOH}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot36,5}{300}\cdot100\%\approx2,43\%\\C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
Theo các PTHH: \(n_{CuO\left(lý.thuyết\right)}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=0,1\cdot95\%=0,095\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,095\cdot80=7,6\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
Đổi 1 bar = 0,98692 atm
a+b) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{PV}{RT}=\dfrac{0,98692\cdot6,2}{0,082\cdot\left(25+273\right)}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{CaCO_3}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5\left(M\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,25\cdot100=25\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{20\%}=91,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{K2O}=\dfrac{9,4}{94}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH|\)
1 1 2
0,1 0,2
a) \(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddKOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
b) Pt : \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,1
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{10}=36,5\left(g\right)\)
c) \(CO_2+2KOH\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1
\(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Câu 1:
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ a,PTHH:CO_2+Ba(OH)_2\to BaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Ba(OH)_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba(OH)_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5M\\ m_{BaCO_3}=0,5.197=98,5(g)\\ b,PTHH:Ba(OH)_2+2HCl\to BaCL_2+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{Ba(OH)_2}=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=1.36,5=36,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{36,5}{20\%}=182,5(g)\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2(mol)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{292.20\%}{100\%}=58,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4}{36,5}=1,6(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+6HCl\to 2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{6}>\dfrac{n_{Fe_2O_3}}{1}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{FeCl_3}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,4(mol);n_{H_2O}=3n_{Fe_3O_3}=0,6(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{CT_{FeCl_3}}=0,4.162,5=65(g)\\ m_{H_2O}=0,6.18=10,8(g) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{FeCl_3}}=32+292-10,8=313,2(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{65}{313,2}.100\%\approx20,75\%\)