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\(n_{NaOH}=1.0,4=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_3}=1.0,1=0,1(mol)\\ a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \text {Vì }\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{3}>\dfrac{n_{FeCl_3}}{1} \text {nên }NaOH\text { dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe(OH)_3}=107.0,1=10,7(g)\\ b,n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,4+0,1}=0,6M\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,25\cdot0,2=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot0,3=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:2AgNO_3+MgCl_2\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow+Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2\\ \text{Vì }\dfrac{n_{AgNO_3}}{2}< \dfrac{n_{MgCl_2}}{1}\text{ nên sau phản ứng }MgCl_2\text{ dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{AgCl}=0,05\cdot143,5=7,175\left(g\right)\\ 2,n_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{AgNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,2+0,3}=0,05M\)
thanhthien22/11/2021Đáp án:
CÂU 3:
1)1) PTHH: 2AgNO3+MgCl2→2AgCl↓+Mg(NO3)22AgNO3+MgCl2→2AgCl↓+Mg(NO3)2
nAgNO3=0,2×0,25=0,05(mol)nAgNO3=0,2×0,25=0,05(mol)
nMgCl2=0,3×0,1=0,03(mol)nMgCl2=0,3×0,1=0,03(mol)
Xét nAgNO32nAgNO32 và nMgCl21nMgCl21
→ AgNO3AgNO3 hết, MgCl2MgCl2 dư.
Tính theo số mol AgNO3AgNO3
→ nMgCl2(dư)=0,03−12×0,05=5.10−3(mol)nMgCl2(dư)=0,03−12×0,05=5.10−3(mol)
→ nAgCl=0,05(mol)nAgCl=0,05(mol)
→ nMg(NO3)2=12×0,05=0,025(mol)nMg(NO3)2=12×0,05=0,025(mol)
⇒ a=mAgCl=0,05×143,5=7,175(g)a=mAgCl=0,05×143,5=7,175(g)
b)b) - Dung dịch aa gồm: MgCl2MgCl2 dư và Mg(NO3)2Mg(NO3)2
Xem như thể tích dung dịch sau phản ứng thay đổi không đáng kể.
→ Vdd=0,2+0,3=0,5(l)Vdd=0,2+0,3=0,5(l)
⇒ C(M)MgCl2(dư)=5.10−30,5=0,01(M)C(M)MgCl2(dư)=5.10−30,5=0,01(M)
⇒ C(M)Mg(NO3)2=0,0250,5=0,05(M)
a, Gọi \(m_{NaCl\left(thêm\right)}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl\left(bđ\right)}=5\%.100=5\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5+a}{100+a}.100\%=5,5\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,53\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{NaCl}=58,5.5,5\%=3,2175\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{3,2175}{58,5}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaCl + AgNO3 ---> AgCl↓ + NaNO3
0,055-->0,055------>0,055---->0,055
\(m_{AgCl}=0,055.143,5=7,8925\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddY}=58,5+200-7,8925=250,6075\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaNO_3}=\dfrac{0,055.85}{250,6075}.100\%=1,87\%\)
Dung dịch A chứa CO32- (x mol) và HCO3- (y mol)
CO32- + H+ —> HCO3-
x…………x………….x
HCO3- + H+ —> CO2 + H2O
x+y…….0,15-x
Dung dịch B tạo kết tủa với Ba(OH)2 nên HCO3- dư, vậy nCO2 = 0,15 – x = 0,045 —> x = 0,105
HCO3- + OH- + Ba2+ —> BaCO3 + H2O
—> nBaCO3 = (x + y) – (0,15 – x) = 0,15 —> y = 0,09
—> a = 20,13 gam
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.1\cdot2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=100\cdot1.2=120\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=100\cdot1.32=132\left(g\right)\)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
\(0.1................0.1.........0.1...............0.2\)
\(\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0.1\cdot233=23.3\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd}=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2-0.1}{0.2}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=120+132-23.3=228.7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot98}{228.7}\cdot100\%=4.28\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{228.7}\cdot100\%=3.2\%\)
\(Fe\left(0,1\right)+CuSO_4\left(0,1\right)\rightarrow FeSO_4\left(0,1\right)+Cu\left(0,1\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=\frac{8,4}{56}=0,15\)
\(m_{ddđ}=100.1,08=108\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,1.1=0,1\)
Ta thấy \(\frac{0,15}{1}>\frac{0,1}{1}\) nên Fe còn dư CuSO4 hết
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(pứ\right)}=0,1.56=5,6\)
\(\Rightarrow m_Y=108+5,6-6,4=107,2\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0,1.152=15,2\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%\left(FeSO_4\right)=\frac{15,2}{107,2}.100\%=14,18\%\)
Câu b) là tính nồng độ trong X chứ :v
a)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(0,4.2\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)
b)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8 (1)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu b) là tính nồng độ trong X chứ :v
a)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Theo PTHH: nH2=12.nHCl=12.(0,4.2)=0,4(mol)nH2=12.nHCl=12.(0,4.2)=0,4(mol)
=> V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l)
b)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8 (1)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2(mol)
=> {nMgCl2=0,1(mol)nAlCl3=0,2(mol){nMgCl2=0,1(mol)nAlCl3=0,2(mol)
=> ⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩CM(AlCl3)=0,20,4=0,5MCM(MgCl2)=0,10,4=0,25M
Bổ sung: \(D_{HCl}=1,18\left(g/ml\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100\cdot1,18\cdot20\%}{36,5}=\dfrac{236}{365}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{236}{365}}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) HCl còn dư, MgO p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10\%}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{150.8\%}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) => CuSO4 hết, NaOH dư
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
0,1------>0,2------->0,1------->0,1
=> m = 0,1.98 = 9,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH_{dư}}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 160 + 150 - 9,8 = 300,2 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH_{dư}}=\dfrac{4}{300,2}.100\%=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,2}{300,2}.100\%=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10}{100}=16\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8.150}{100}=12\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
LTL: \(0,1< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\rightarrow\) NaOH dư
Theo pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=160+150-9,8=300,2\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,2\right).40}{300,2}=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.142}{300,2}=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
MgCl2+2AgNO3->Mg(NO3)2+2AgCl
0,04-----0,08-----------0,04----------0,08
n MgCl2=0,1 mol
n AgNO3=0,08 mol
=>Mgcl2 dư
=>m AgCl=0,08.143,5=11,48g
=>CMMg(NO)2=\(\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}\)=0,2M
=>CMMgcl2 dư=\(\dfrac{0,06}{0,2}\)=0,3M
\(n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot1=0,1mol\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,1\cdot0,8=0,08mol\)
\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow+Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2\)
0,1 0,08 0 0
0,04 0,08 0,08 0,04
0,06 0 0,08 0,04
\(m_{\downarrow}=0,08\cdot143,5=11,48g\)
\(C_{M_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{n_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}}{V_X}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}=0,2M\)