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Lời giải:
a. $f(x)=x^4-3x^2+2x-7=x^3(x+2)-2x^2(x+2)+x(x+2)-7$
$=(x+2)(x^3-2x^2+x)-7=g(x)(x^3-2x^2+x)-7$
Vậy $f(x)$ chia $g(x)$ được thương là $x^3-2x^2+x$ và dư là $-7$
b. Theo phần a $f(x)=(x^3-2x^2+x)g(x)-7$
Với $x$ nguyên, để $f(x)\vdots g(x)$ thì $7\vdots g(x)$
$\Leftrightarrow x+2$ là ước của $7$
$\Rightarrow x+2\in\left\{\pm 1;\pm 7\right\}$
$\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-3; -1; 5; -9\right\}$
c.
Theo định lý Bezout về phép chia đa thức, để $K(x)=-2x^3+x-m\vdots x+2$ thì: $K(-2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow -2(-2)^3+(-2)-m=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 14-m=0$
$\Leftrightarrow m=14$
a)f(x)+g(x)=\(x^5-4x^4-2x^2-7-2x^5+6x^4-2x^2+6.\)
=\(-x^5+2x^4-4x^2-1\)
f(x)-g(x)=\(x^5-4x^4-2x^2-7+2x^5-6x^4+2x^2-6\)
=\(3x^5-10x^4-13\)
b)f(x)+g(x)=\(5x^4+7x^3-6x^2+3x-7-4x^4+2x^3-5x^2+4x+5\)
=\(x^4+9x^3-11x^2+7x-2\)
f(x)-g(x)=\(5x^4+7x^3-6x^2+3x-7+4x^4-2x^3+5x^2-4x-5\)
=\(9x^4+5x^3-x^2-x-12\)
a )
\(f\left(x\right)+g\left(x\right)=x^5-4x^4-2x^2-7+-2x^5+6x^4-2x^2+6\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)+g\left(x\right)=\left(x^5-2x^5\right)+\left(6x^4-4x^4\right)-\left(2x^2+2x^2\right)+\left(6-7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)+g\left(x\right)=-x^5+2x^4-4x^2-1\)
\(f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=x^5-4x^4-2x^2-7-\left(-2x^5+6x^4-2x^2+6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=x^5-4x^4-2x^2-7+2x^5-6x^4+2x^2-6\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=\left(x^5+2x^5\right)-\left(4x^4+6x^4\right)+\left(2x^2-2x^2\right)-\left(6+7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=3x^5-10x^4-13\)
\(a,f\left(x\right):g\left(x\right)=\left(3x^4+9x^3+7x+2\right):\left(x+3\right)\\ =\left[3x^3\left(x+3\right)+7\left(x+3\right)-19\right]:\left(x+3\right)\\ =\left[\left(3x^3+7\right)\left(x+3\right)-19\right]:\left(x+3\right)\\ =3x^3+7.dư.19\)
\(c,\) Để \(k\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\Leftrightarrow-x^3-5x+2m=\left(x+3\right)\cdot a\left(x\right)\)
Thay \(x=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(-3\right)^3-5\left(-3\right)+2m=0\\ \Leftrightarrow27+15+2m=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2m=-42\\ \Leftrightarrow m=-21\)
d: Ta có: f(x):g(x)
\(=\dfrac{x^3-2x^2+3x+5}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+x^2-3x^2-3x+6x+6-1}{x+1}\)
\(=x^2-3x+6+\dfrac{-1}{x+1}\)
Để f(x) chia hết cho g(x) thì \(x+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)
\(a,\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)=\left(x+2\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(-2\right)=-8+4a-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=3\\ b,\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow f\left(1\right)=f\left(-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a+b-1=0\\1-a-b-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\a+b=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a,b\in R\\ \text{Vậy }f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right),\forall a,b\\ c,\Leftrightarrow f\left(1\right)=f\left(-2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2-3a+2+b=0\\-18-12a-4+b=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-b=4\\12a-b=-22\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{26}{9}\\b=-\dfrac{38}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(f\left(x\right)=2x^2-x-3+5=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)+5\)
Để \(f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)+5⋮\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5⋮\left(x+1\right)\)
mà \(x+1\in Z\Rightarrow x+1\in U\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;1;5;-5\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0;4;-6\right\}\)
Vậy...
b) \(f\left(x\right)=3x^2-4x+6=\left(3x^2-4x+1\right)+5=\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)+5\)
Để \(f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)+5⋮\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5⋮\left(3x-1\right)\) mà \(3x-1\in Z\Rightarrow3x-1\in U\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;1;5;-5\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;\dfrac{2}{3};2;-\dfrac{4}{3}\right\}\) mà x nguyên\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;2\right\}\)
Vậy...
c)\(f\left(x\right)=\left(-2x^3-7x^2-5x+2\right)+3\)\(=\left(-2x^3-4x^2-3x^2-6x+x+2\right)+3\)\(=\left[-2x^2\left(x+2\right)-3x\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)\right]+3\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(-2x^2-3x+1\right)+3\)
Làm tương tự như trên \(\Rightarrow x+2\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-5;-3;-1;1\right\}\)
Vậy...
d)\(f\left(x\right)=x^3-3x^2-4x+3=x\left(x^2-3x-4\right)+3=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-4\right)+3\)
Làm tương tự như trên \(\Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{-3;-1;1;3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-4;-2;0;2\right\}\)
Vậy...