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a, PT: \(HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(CH_3COOH+KOH\rightarrow CH_3COOK+H_2O\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=n_{HCl}+n_{CH_3COOH}=x+y=0,003.1=0,003\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=n_{HCl}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOK}=n_{CH_3COOH}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 74,5x + 98y = 0,235 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0025\left(mol\right)\\y\approx0,0005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,0025}{0,01}=0,25\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{CH_3COOH}}=\dfrac{0,0005}{0,01}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+n_{CH_3COOH}=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+n_{NaOH}=2.\dfrac{V}{1000}.0,02+\dfrac{V}{1000}.0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}\)
\(\Rightarrow0,003=2.\dfrac{V}{1000}.0,02+\dfrac{V}{1000}.0,01\) \(\Rightarrow V=60\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1: nH2SO4=0.06 mol; nHNO3=0.2 mol
nCa(OH)2=3a.0,4=1.2a(mol)
nNaOH=0,4.2a= 0.8a (mol)
Quy đổi hỗn hợp về HNO3 => nHNO3=0.2+0.06.2=0.32mol
PTHH: 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 ----> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Mol 2,4a 1,2a
HNO3+ NaOH -----> NaNO3 + H2O
0,8a 0,8a
=> 2,4a + 0,8a=0.32 => a = 0.1 (mol)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,2=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Pt: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
0,04mol <---0,04mol
\(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\)
b) Pt: \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
0,02mol<--- 0,04mol
\(m_{dd_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,02.74.100}{6}=24,67\left(g\right)\)
Sửa 60 ml dung dịch HCl 0,1M thành 600 ml dung dịch HCl 0,1M
Phần 2 :
$Ba(OH)_2 + K_2CO_3 \to BaCO_3 + 2KOH$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = n_{BaCO_3} = \dfrac{0,197}{197} = 0,01(mol)$
Phần 1 :
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Ba(OH)_2} + n_{NaOH}$
$\Rightarrow n_{NaOH} = 0,6.0,1 - 0,01.2 = 0,04(mol)$
\(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,1}=0,4M\\
C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,1}=0,1M\)
a)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,15<---------0,3<------------------------0,15
=> \(C\%_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,3.60}{200}.100\%=9\%\)
b)
\(m_{dd.Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,15.106.100}{15}=106\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2CH3COOH + Ba(OH)2 --> (CH3COO)2Ba + 2H2O
0,3--------->0,15
=> \(V_{dd.Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)
+nHCl=0.2*0.4=0.08(mol)
=>nH{+}=0.08(mol)
+nHNO3=0.1*0.4=0.04(mol)
=>nH{+}=0.04(mol)
+nH2SO4=0.15*0.4=0.06(mol)=nSO4{2-}
=>nH{+}=0.06*2=0.12(mol)
=>nH{+}(tổng)=0.08+0.04+0.12=0.24(mol)
+nNaOH=0.2*10^-3V(mol)
=>nOH{-}=2*10^-4V(mol)
+nBa(OH)2=0.05*10^-3V(mol)=nBa{2+}
=>nOH{-}=2*5*10^-5V=10^-4V(mol)
=>nOH{-}(tổng)=2*10^-4V+10^-4V=3*10^-4...
_Sau phản ứng thu được dung dịch có pH=13=>môi trường có tính bazơ.
=>pOH=14-13=1=>[OH-] dư=10^-1(M)
=>nOH{-} dư=10^-1*(0.4+10^-3V)(mol)
H{+}+OH{-}=>H2O
0.24->3*10^-4V...(mol)
0.24->0.24...........(mol)
0------>3*10^-4V-0.24.(mol)
=>3*10^-4V-0.24=0.04+10^-4V
<=>2*10^-4V=0.28
<=>V=1400(ml)
Vậy cần V=1400 ml
_Sau phản ứng kết tủa tạo thành là BaSO4:
+nBa{2+}=5*10^-5*(1400)=0.07(mol)
+nSO4{2-}=0.06(mol)
Ba{2+}+SO4{2-}=>BaSO4
0.07>0.06----------->0.06(mol)
=>mBaSO4=0.06*233=13.98(g)
Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,025.0,02=0,0005\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,025.0,05=0,00125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+n_{NaOH}=0,00225\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,00225\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi: VX = x (l)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,1x\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,2x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=n_{HCl}+n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1x+0,2x=0,00225\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0,0075\left(l\right)=7,5\left(ml\right)\)