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Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2
\(nHCl=0.2\times2=0.4mol\)
a.\(m=0.2\times24=4.8g\); \(V=0.2\times22.4=4.48l\)
b.MgCl2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + NaCl
0.2 0.2
\(mNaOH=20\%\times100=20g\Rightarrow nNaOH=0.5mol\)
=> MgCl2 hết, NaOH dư
\(mMg\left(OH\right)2=0.2\times58=11.6g\)
nFeCl3=0,1mol
nKOH=0,4mol
FeCl3+3KOH→Fe(OH)3↓+3KCl
-Tỉ lệ: 0,11<0,43→KOH dư
nFe(OH)3=nFeCl3=0,1mol
mFe(OH)3=0,1.107=10,7gam
2Fe(OH)3t0→Fe2O3+3H2O
nFe2O3=12nFe(OH)3=12.0,1=0,05mol
mFe2O3=0,05.160=8gam
nKCl=nKOH(pu)=3nFeCl3=0,3mol
nKOH(dư)=0,4−0,3=0,1mol
Vdd=0,1+0,4=0,5l
CMKOH=nv=0,10,5=0,2M
CMKCl=nv=0,30,5=0,6M
PTHH: \(3NaOH+Al\left(NO_3\right)_3\rightarrow3NaNO_3+Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,5\cdot0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Al(NO3)3 còn dư, tính theo NaOH
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot78=5,2\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,2.1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}+2NaNO_3\)
_______0,3_______0,6_______0,3_________0,6 (mol)
a, mCu(OH)2 = 0,3.98 = 29,4 (g)
b, \(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{NaNO_3}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2+0,3}=1,2M\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) \(n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1,5.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=29,4\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
c) \(CM_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{0,2+0,3}=1,2M\)
a)
Gọi $n_{ZnCl_2} = a(mol) ; n_{FeCl_3} = b(mol)$
Ta có :
$m_{hh} = 136a + 162,5b = 29,85(gam)$
$n_{NaOH} = 2a + 3b = 0,5(mol)$
Suy ra a = b = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,1.136 = 13,6(gam)$
$m_{FeCl_3} = 0,1.162,5 = 16,25(gam)$
b)
$m_{Zn(OH)_2} = 0,1.99 = 9,9(gam)$
$m_{Fe(OH)_3} = 0,1.107 = 10,7(gam)$
Sau phản ứng :
$m_{dd} = 29,85 + 500.1,1 - 9,9 - 10,7 = 559,25(gam)$
$n_{NaCl} = n_{NaOH} = 0,5(mol)$
$C\%_{NaCl} = \dfrac{0,5.58,5}{559,25}.100\% = 5,23\%$
c)
$V_{dd} = 0,2+ 0,5 = 0,7(lít)$
$[Na^+] = \dfrac{0,5}{0,7} = 0,714M$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,5}{0,7} = 0,714M$
(Thiếu nồng độ $H_2SO_4$)
a)
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 5,1(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Ta có :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\% =47,06\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 52,94\%$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{10\%} = 182,5(gam)$
c)
$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$
$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = a = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{kết\ tủa} = 0,1.58 = 5,8(gam)$
Ta có:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) ; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Đặt số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a và b (a,b>0)
theo bài ra ta có hệ
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1\times24}{5,1}=47,06\%\Rightarrow\%Al=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
Theo PT có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2\times0,1+3\times0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5\times36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
+ Với NaOH vừa đủ
\(a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\times58+0,1\times78=13,6\left(g\right)\)
+ Với NaOH dư có thêm PT
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times58=5,8\left(g\right)\)