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Từ giả thiết:
\(a^2=2\left(b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(b+c\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)^2\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+2bc}\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}+\dfrac{5}{9}x-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{1}{\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}}+\dfrac{5}{9}.1-\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{3}\) khi \(x=1\) hay \(a=2b=2c\)
Trước hết, với \(a+b+c=1\) ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
\(\ge2a^2b+2b^2c+2c^2a+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
Hay \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
Từ đó:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{a^2b}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^2c}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^2a}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
VT = (a+b+c)^2
= [(a+b) + c]^2
= (a+b)^2 + 2(a+b)c + c^2
= a^2 + 2ab + b^2 + 2ac + 2bc + c^2
= a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc = VP
Vậy ...
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VT= (a+b+c)^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= [(a+b) + c]^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= (a+b)^2 + 2(a+b)c + c^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= a^2 + 2ab + b^2 + 2ac + 2bc + c^2 + a^2 + b^2 + c^2
= (a^2 + 2ab + b^2) + (b^2 + 2bc + c^2) + (c^2 + 2ca + a^2)
= (a+b)^2 + (b+c)^2 + (c+a)^2 = VP
Vậy...
\(a,=a^8-16\\ b,\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2=a^2+2ac+c^2-b^2\\ c,=\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^4+b^4\right)\\ =\left(a^4-b^4\right)\left(a^4+b^4\right)=a^8-b^8\\ d,=\left[\left(3x+y\right)-2\right]^2=\left(3x+y\right)^2-4\left(3x+y\right)+4\\ =9x^2+6xy+y^2-12x-4y+4\\ h,=x^3+64\\ e,=\left(2^4-1\right)\left(2^4+1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)\\ =\left(2^8-1\right)\left(2^8+1\right)=2^{16}-1=...\\ f,=\left(x+y-x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\\ =2y\left(x^2+2xy+y^2+x^2-y^2+x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\\ =2y\left(3x^2+y^2\right)\)
phân tích bằng đặt ẩn phụ=))
Ta có:\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left[\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
Đặt:\(a^2+b^2+c^2=x;ab+bc+ca=y\),ta có:
\(x\left(x+2y\right)+y^2=x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Thay vào,ta được:\(\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
Ta xét VT:
\(a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)=a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-ab^2+ac^2-bc^2\)
Ta xét VP:
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)=\left(ab-ac-b^2+bc\right)\left(a-c\right)\)
\(=a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+abc-abc+ac^2+b^2c-bc^2\)
\(=a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-ab^2+ac^2-bc^2\)
Ta thấy: VT = VP
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)