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\(c,n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=10,2(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ d,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)
\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(m_{HF}=\dfrac{2,5.40\%}{100\%}=1(kg)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HF}=\dfrac{1}{20}=0,05(kmol)\\ PTHH:CaF+H_2SO_4\to CaSO_4+2HF\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaF}=0,025(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaF}=0,025.78=1,95(kg)\)
Bài 3:
\(a,\) Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56x+27y=11\\ x+1,5y=0,4 \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,2(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases} \)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}=0,2+0,6=0,7(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,7}{2}=0,35(l)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=11\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%=50.91\%\)
\(\%Al=49.09\%\)
\(1,n_{HF}=\dfrac{2,5.40\%}{100\%.20}=0,05(kmol)\\ PTHH:CaF_2+H_2SO_4\to CaSO_4+2HF\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaF_2}=0,025(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaF_2}=0,025.78=1,95(kg)\\ 2,\text {Đặt }\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Al}=y(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,2(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\% \end{cases}\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=0,2+0,6=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4(l)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+27b=22.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.6\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.2\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.3\cdot56}{22.2}\cdot100\%=75.67\%\)
\(\%Al=24.33\%\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a ; n_{Al} = b$
$\Rightarrow 56a + 27b = 22,2(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = 0,6(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,3; b = 0,2
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,3.56}{22,2}.100\% =75,68\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 24,32\%$
Câu 5:
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{1120}{22,4}=50(mol)\\ PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\to 2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2}=20(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=20.158=3160(g)\)
Câu 6:
Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=10,2(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,5(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3y+2x=1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5(l)\)