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Marriage is an ancient religious and legal practice celebrated around the world. However, wedding customs vary from country to country.
The Wedding Dress: In many countries, it is customary for the bride to wear a white dress as a symbol of purity. The tradition of wearing a special white dress only for the wedding ceremony started around 150 years ago. Before that, most women could not afford to buy a dress that they would only wear once. Now, bridal dresses can be bought in a variety of styles. In some Asian countries and in the Middle East, colors of joy and happiness like red or orange other than white are worn by the bride or used as part of the wedding ceremony,
The Wedding Rings: In many cultures, couples exchange rings, usually made of golf or silver and worn on the third finger of the left or right hand, during the marriage ceremony. The circular shape of the ring is symbolic of the couple's eternal union. In Brazil, it is traditional to have the rings engraved with the bride's name on the groom’s ring, an vice versa.
Flowers: Flowers play an important role in most weddings. Roses are said to be the flowers of love, and because they usually bloom in June, this has become the most popular month for weddings in many countries. After the wedding ceremony, in many countries the bride throws her bouquet into a crowd of well-wishers – usually her single female friends. The person who catches this bouquet will be the next one to marry.
Gifts: In Chinese cultures, w edding guests give gifts of money to the newly-weds in small red envelopes. Money is also an appropriate gift at Korean and Japanese wedding. In many Western countries, for example in the U.K, wedding guests give the bride and groom household items that they may need for their new home. In Russia, rather than receiving gifts, the bride and groom provide gifts to their guests instead.
With the continued internationalization of the modern world, wedding customs that originated in one part of the world are crossing national boundaries and have been incorporated into marriage ceremonies in other countries.
111. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Wedding ceremoniesB. Wedding customsC. Wedding dayD. Wedding history
112. The tradition of wearing a special dress only on one’s wedding day is ____.
A. about 150 years agoB. over a century ago
C. less than 100 years agoD. less than 200 years ago
113. In some cultures, the bride wears a white dress as a traditional symbol of ____.
A. modestyB. secrecyC. purityD. security
114. In some Asian and Middle Eastern.countries, which colour is NOT considered to be suitable for a wedding?
A. redB. orangeC. whiteD. blue
115. The phrase “eternal union" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to____.
A. never-ending relationshipB. lovely relationship
C. temporary relationshipD. healthy relationship
116. The word “this" in paragraph 4 refers to which of the following?
A. roleB. loveC. JuneD. rose
117. According to the passage, in which country would the wedding guests give the bride and groom money as a present?
A. BrazilB. the U.KC. ChinaD. Russia
118. Which of the following information is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Nowadays, every bride can afford to buy a wedding dress to wear only once.
B. It is believed that any person who catches the bride’s bouquet will be the next to marry.
C . It is customary to write the groom's name on the bride’s wedding ring.
D. Thanks to globalization, one country’s wedding customs may be added to other countries’.
There are many customs and superstitions connected 15 weddings. In the past, a wedding was _16_ as a time when people were particularly susceptible to bad luck and evil spirits. Nowadays, weddings are times for elaborate and even wild celebrations. In many cases, _17_ a wedding ceremony in the church, an exquisite
_18_ is held in the garden for the newlyweds and their guests. Some customs, such as not being seen by the groom in her wedding dress before the ceremony, are known throughout the country and many other parts of the world. _19_ may be regional or even maintained within families from generation to generation.
15. (A) with (B) about (C) into (D) toward
16. (A) thought (B) looked (C) seen (D) regarding
17. (A) following (B) followed (C) to follow (D) being followed
18. (A) receiver (B) receipt (C) recipient (D) reception
19. (A) Another (B) The others (C) Others (D) The other
41. I believe gender ____________ in education starts at home
A. discriminate B. discrimination C. discriminator D. discriminative
42. Men are ____________ leaders than women
A. good B. better C. best D. bad
43. Women will be ____________ if they have to do two jobs: at work and at home.
A. exhaust B. exhausted C. exhausting D. exhauster
44. The bride and groom are surely the ____________ people on their wedding day.
A. happy B. happier C. happilyD. happiest
45. In order to ________ a man’s job, Brenda had to work very hard.
A. pursue B. work C. enroll D. prefer
46. Jim_____ the teacher that he would see her the next day.
A. said B. tells C. asked D. said to
47. If Eric _____5 years younger, he could travel around the world.
A. isB. were C . had been D. would be
48. E-books are typically _____through a student's personal device, such as a notebook, tablet, or cell phone.
A. addressed B. accessed C. affected D. identified
49. Several _____are known to cause cancer to develop.
A. chemists B. chemistry C. chemical D. chemicals
50. Only 40% of 5-year-olds have access _____pre-school education.
A. with B. for C. to D. in
1. ………………… are non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas formed from dead plants and animals underground.
A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C.deforestation D. Fossil fuels
2. Using a/an ………………………. device such as a laptop, you can learn English effectively.
A. electric B. electronic C. electricity D. electrical
3. A_____forest is a forest where trees that are cut are replanted and the wildlife is protected.
A. tropical B. ecological C. sustainable D. sub-tropical
4. Like children elsewhere, children in the USA have greatly benefited ________ modern technology.
A. in B. from C. since D. for
5. ………..is the removal or cutting down of all trees in an area for urban use and farm lands.
A. Forest B. Deforest C. Deforestation D. Foresting
6. Water ……………………….are things like detergents, pesticides ,oils and other chemicals that make the water unclean and contaminated.
A. pollution B. pollutants C. deforestation D. Fossil fuels
7. I like students …….have a good sense of humour.
A. who B.whom C. whose D. which
8. Mary : -Thank you for your help, Jane.
Jane : _ …………………………
A. You are right B. Not at all C. Of course. D. You’re welcome.
9. The doctor said to Peter: “Don’t go for a walk today”
A. The doctor said Peter not to go for a walk that day. ....................... B. The doctor told Peter not go for a walk that day.
C. The doctor said to Peter not to go for a walk that day.................. D. The doctor told Peter not to go for a walk that day.
10. Thomas: “ Do you feel like going to the cinema tonight?” Susan: “ _______________”
A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid B. You’re welcome
C. That would be great! D. I feel very bored.
11. The editor asked Nam …………… some practical advice on the preservation of the environment.
A. to write B. writing C. write D. written
12. The________of the ozone layer is not a good thing for the earth.
A. depletion B. deplete C. depleting D. depletement
13. The_______of fossil fuels has gradually increased in many countries which is concerned for many environmentalists.
A. consumer B. consume C. consuming D. consumption
14. Deforestation will lead to the extinction of rare animals due to the loss of their habitats, and extreme floods and land _________.
A. erode B. eroding C. erosion D. erodement
15. The smoke from burning fuels causes pollution if it ______ into the atmosphere.
A. releases B. is released C. will be released D. released.
16. Students can download programme and………………from internet.
A. materials B. food C. drink D. note
17. Mass tourism has contributed to the _____of the environment.
A. destroy B. destroying C. destruction D. destroyment
18. Consumers have been encouraged to use _____products.
A. environment friendly B. environmental friendly
C. environmentally friend D. environmentally friendly
19. _______ aren't effective anymore because insects have become resistant to them.
A. Fertilizers B. Pesticides C. Herbicides D. Medicines
20. I like students ________have a good sense of humour.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
21. The teacher asked students _________ a paragraph about the preservation of the environment.
A. to write B. writing C. write D. written
22. I wonder ỉf you could help me.” “_________”
A. Don’t mention it C. I’ll do my best. What’s up?
B. Really? How nice D. No, what is it?
23. The Vietnamese government has done a lot to____________ hunger and poverty.
A. eliminate B. increase C. protect D. keep
24. Personal electronic devices can be very _______, to you and to others.
A. distractal B. distract C. distractional D. distracting
25. Most chemicals .............................the ground and the underground water.
A. contaminates B. contaminate C. contamination D. contaminating
26. The team paid a ________ price for its lack of preparation.
A. heavy B. light C. dirty D. expensive
27. Health is ________________ than money.
A. the important B. most important C. more important D. importanter
28. In the past, the proposal and engagement ceremonies took place 1 or 2 years ________ the wedding.
A. before B. after C. while D. since
29. We _________ stop when traffic lights are red.
A. might B. should C. must D. can
30. Gender discrimination should be ____________ so that everyone has equal opportunities in education.
A. eliminated B. eliminate C. elimination D. eliminating
31. Superstitions still________ an important part of life for many people in Vietnam.
A. do B. take C. play D. give
32. We had dinner in________ most expensive restaurant in town.
A. an B. x C. the D. a
33. The flight stops at Hong Kong before going on to its final_____
A. destination B. target C. stop D. arrival
34. There is a wedding _________ for all the guests after the wedding ceremony.
A. proposal B. anniversary C. reception D. celebration
35. My house is________hers.
A. cheap than B. cheaper C. more cheap than D. cheaper than
36. My cousin's ______ is next Sunday.
A. marriage B. wedding C. tradition D. assignment
37. There is a wedding ______ for all guests after the wedding ceremony.
A. reception B. engagement C. proposal D. ring
38. We should not allow any kind of discrimination ____________ women and girls.
A. of B. at C. in D. against
39. My brother likes playing_________ football while my sister is interested in playing ________ piano.
A. the/ the B. 0 / the C. the / 0 D. 0/0
40. In Portugal, walking backwards will bring bad luck, because it paves _____way for _____devil to enter.
A. a-a B. the-the C. a-the D. the-a
41. I believe gender ____________ in education starts at home
A. discriminate B. discrimination C. discriminator D. discriminative
42. Men are ____________ leaders than women
A. good B. better C. best D. bad
43. Women will be ____________ if they have to do two jobs: at work and at home.
A. exhaust B. exhausted C. exhausting D. exhauster
44. The bride and groom are surely the ____________ people on their wedding day.
A. happy B. happier C. happily D. happiest
45. In order to ________ a man’s job, Brenda had to work very hard.
A. pursue B. work C. enroll D. prefer
46. Jim_____ the teacher that he would see her the next day.
A. said B. tells C. asked D. said to
47. If Eric _____5 years younger, he could travel around the world.
A. is B. were C. had been D. would be
48. E-books are typically _____through a student's personal device, such as a notebook, tablet, or cell phone.
A. addressed B. accessed C. affected D. identified
49. Several _____are known to cause cancer to develop.
A. chemists B. chemistry C. chemical D. chemicals
50. Only 40% of 5-year-olds have access _____pre-school education.
A. with B. for C. to D. in
1. A lot of people think that marriage -> married women shouldn’t pursue a career.
2. We must stop discrimination -> discriminating on people coming from the rural area.
3. My brother is good with -> at cooking and he can cook very delicious food.
4. I guess they may be kept home doing housework and look -> looking after their children.
5. Women in rural areas might be forced to work both at home but -> and on the fields.
6. Some people think that girls shouldn’t be allowed to going -> to go to university.
7. Gender discrimination should be eliminated for -> to create equal opportunities in education for everyone.
8. More girls should being -> be chosen to represent us in the School Youth Union.
9. Both women and men should be given equal rights for -> to education and employment.
10. This discrimination against women and girls must be abolishing -> abolished.
11. Efforts should be make -> made to offer all children equal access to education.
12. It is clear that gender differences cannot prevent a person to pursue -> from pursuing a job.
13. Traditional women were mainly responsible to -> for doing housework and looking after their husbands and children.
14. Doing housework every day is really boring and tired -> tiring.
15. In the past, women was -> were often passive and dependent on their husbands.
16. Women usually get less pay as -> than men for doing the same job.
The Hindu culture celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals start their journey of life together. It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times.
Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called "mangni". The couple is blessed here with gifts, jewelry and clothes. Another important ritual is the "mehendi" which is a paste made from the leaves of henna plant. It is the traditional art of adorning the hands and the feet of the bride with mehendi and the name of the groom is also hidden in the design.
On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as "jaimala". This is followed by "kanyadaan", where the father of the bride places her hand in the groom's hand requesting him to accept her as an equal partner.
Another ritual is the "havan" in which the couple invokes Agni, the god of Fire, to witness their
commitment to each other. Crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar rice and oil are offered to the ceremonial fire. The "gath bandhan" takes place where scarves of the bride and groom are tied together symbolizing their eternal bond. This signifies their pledge before God to love each other and remain loyal. The couple then takes four "mangal pheras" or walk around the ceremonial fire, representing four goals in life: "Dharma", religious and moral duties; "Artha", prosperity; "Kama" earthly pleasures; "Moksha", spiritual salvation.
The couple also takes seven steps together to begin their journey, called the "saptapardi". Then the ritual of "sindoor" takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red powder to the bride's forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life. This signifies the completion of the marriage. The parents of the bride and the groom then give their blessings, "ashirwad" to the newlywed couple as they touch the feet of their parents.
Câu 33: What might be the most suitable title for this reading passage?
A. The Hindu wedding B. The Hindu tradition C. The Hindu religion D. The Hindu culture
Câu 34: What does the word “magni” stand for?
A. the engagement B. the gesture of acceptance of one another
C. the paste made from the leave of one another D. the wedding
Câu 35: What do the Hindu people think about marriage?
A. It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals.
B. It is entirely a spiritual traditional ritual allowing two individuals to live together.
C. It is a belief in the growth of a family newly formed by two individuals.
D. It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals.
Câu 36: What can the word “adorning” be best replaced by?
A. dying B. repairing C. painting D. decorating
Câu 37: What can the word “invokes” be best replaced by?
A. talks B. tells C. says D. prays
Câu 38: Why does the couple exchange garlands?
A. to express their acceptance of one another and a wish of happiness.
B. to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life.
C. to do a ritual. D. to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect the partner.
Câu 39: When is the wedding ceremony completed?
A. When the groom applies a small dot of vermillion of the bride's forehead.
B. When the couple touches their parents' feet.
C. When the parents of the bride and the groom give their blessings to the couple.
D. When the couple makes seven steps together.
The Hindu culture celebrates marriage as a pure and pristine rite enabling two individuals start their journey of life together. It puts emphasis on the values of happiness, harmony and growth and could be traced back from the Vedic times.
Months before the wedding ceremony, an engagement is held which is called "mangni". The couple is blessed here with gifts, jewelry and clothes. Another important ritual is the "mehendi" which is a paste made from the leaves of henna plant. It is the traditional art of adorning the hands and the feet of the bride with mehendi and the name of the groom is also hidden in the design.
On the day of marriage, the couple exchanges garlands as a gesture of acceptance of one another and a pledge to respect one another as partners which is known as "jaimala". This is followed by "kanyadaan", where the father of the bride places her hand in the groom's hand requesting him to accept her as an equal partner.
Another ritual is the "havan" in which the couple invokes Agni, the god of Fire, to witness their
commitment to each other. Crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar rice and oil are offered to the ceremonial fire. The "gath bandhan" takes place where scarves of the bride and groom are tied together symbolizing their eternal bond. This signifies their pledge before God to love each other and remain loyal. The couple then takes four "mangal pheras" or walk around the ceremonial fire, representing four goals in life: "Dharma", religious and moral duties; "Artha", prosperity; "Kama" earthly pleasures; "Moksha", spiritual salvation.
The couple also takes seven steps together to begin their journey, called the "saptapardi". Then the ritual of "sindoor" takes place where the groom applies a small dot of vermilion, a red powder to the bride's forehead and welcomes her as his partner for life. This signifies the completion of the marriage. The parents of the bride and the groom then give their blessings, "ashirwad" to the newlywed couple as they touch the feet of their parents.
Câu 33: What might be the most suitable title for this reading passage?
A. The Hindu wedding B. The Hindu tradition C. The Hindu religion D. The Hindu culture
Câu 34: What does the word “magni” stand for?
A. the engagement B. the gesture of acceptance of one another
C. the paste made from the leave of one another D. the wedding
Câu 35: What do the Hindu people think about marriage?
A. It is a wish of happiness and harmony to come to two individuals.
B. It is entirely a spiritual traditional ritual allowing two individuals to live together.
C. It is a belief in the growth of a family newly formed by two individuals.
D. It is just a living-together announcement of two individuals.
Câu 36: What can the word “adorning” be best replaced by?
A. dying B. repairing C. painting D. decorating
Câu 37: What can the word “invokes” be best replaced by?
A. talks B. tells C. says D. prays
Câu 38: Why does the couple exchange garlands?
A. to express their acceptance of one another and a wish of happiness.
B. to express their vow to respect each other for the whole life.
C. to do a ritual. D. to show both their acceptance of and the swear to respect the partner.
Câu 39: When is the wedding ceremony completed?
A. When the groom applies a small dot of vermillion of the bride's forehead.
B. When the couple touches their parents' feet.
C. When the parents of the bride and the groom give their blessings to the couple.
D. When the couple makes seven steps together.
