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a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a-->2a--------->a------>a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------->b------>1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)
=> mHCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{43.05}{143.5}=0.3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right),n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(H_2+Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2HCl\)
\(0.15....0.15.......0.3\)
\(H\%=\dfrac{0.15}{0.2}\cdot100\%=75\%\)
\(41,45gA\left\{{}\begin{matrix}NaCl:a\\NaBr:b\\NaI:c\end{matrix}\right.+Br_2\underrightarrow{36,75}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}NaCl:a\\NaBr:b+c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nên m giảm \(m_I-m_{Br}=127e-80c=41,45-36,75\)
\(\rightarrow c=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(hhB\left\{{}\begin{matrix}NaCl:a\\NaBr:b+0,1\end{matrix}\right.+Cl_2\underrightarrow{24,3\left(g\right)}NaCl:a+b+0,1\)
\(m_{hh_{bđ}}:58,5a+103b+150.0,1=41,45\)
\(m_{m'_c}:58,5\left(a+b+0,1\right)=23,4\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%_{NaBr}=\frac{0,2.103}{41,45}.100\%=49,7\%\)
\(Đặt:n_{MnO_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{KMnO_4}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=87a+158b=37.96\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+2.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.4,b=0.02\)
\(\%MnO_2=\dfrac{0.4\cdot87}{37.96}\cdot100\%=91.68\%\\\%KMnO_4=100-91.68=8.32\% \)
\(m_M=m_{KCl}+m_{MnCl_2}=0.02\cdot74.5+\left(0.4+0.02\right)\cdot126=54.41g\)
