Cho a,n đều là số nguyên dương lớn hơn 2. CMR :
H = \(\frac{1}{a^2}\)+ \(\frac{2}{a^3}\) + \(\frac{3}{a^4}\) + ... + \(\frac{n}{a^{n+1}}\)< \(\frac{1}{\left(a-1\right)^2}\)
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bài 1b
+)Nếu n chẵn ,ta có \(n^4⋮2,4^n⋮2\Rightarrow n^4+4^n⋮2\)
mà \(n^4+4^n>2\)Do đó \(n^4+4^n\)là hợp số
+)nếu n lẻ đặt \(n=2k+1\left(k\in N\right)\)
Ta có \(n^4+4^n=n^4+4^{2k}.4=\left(n^2+2.4k\right)^2-2n^2.2.4^k\)
\(=\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}\right)^2-\left(2.n.2^k\right)^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}+2n.2^k\right)\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}-2n.2^k\right)\)
\(=\left(\left(n+2^k\right)^2+2^{2k}\right)\left(\left(n-2^k\right)^2+2^{2k}\right)\)
là hợp số,vì mỗi thừa số đều lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2
(nhớ k nhé)
Bài 2a)
Nhân 2 vế với 2 ta có
\(a^4+b^4\ge2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Dẫu = xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
....................
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=2-\frac{1}{n}\)
đpcm
Tham khảo nhé~
2) Có: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=4\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT=4\left[\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ac\right)^2-2abc\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT=4\left(ab\right)^2+4\left(ac\right)^2+4\left(bc\right)^2\)
Có: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=c^2\Leftrightarrow2ab=c^2-a^2-b^2\)
Tương tự:...
\(VT=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\left(c^2-a^2-b^2\right)^2=2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=VP\)
\(H=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{2}{a^3}+\frac{3}{a^4}+...+\frac{n}{a^{n+1}}\)
\(H=\frac{a^{n-1}+2.a^{n-2}+...+\left(n-1\right).a+n}{a^{n+1}}\)
\(H=\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}.\left[\left(a^{n-2}+a^{n-2}+a+1\right)+\left(a^{n-2}+a^{n-3}+...+a+1\right)+...+\left(a+1\right)+1\right]\)
Đặt \(Sn=1+a+a^2+...+a^n\)=>\(a.Sn=a+a^2+a^3+...+a^n+a^{n+1}\)
=> \(a.Sn-Sn=a^{n+1}-1\)=>\(Sn.\left(a-1\right)=a^{n+1}-1\)=>\(Sn=\frac{a^{n+1}-1}{a-1}\)
Khi đó \(H=\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}.\left[\frac{a^n-1}{a-1}+\frac{a^{n-1}-1}{a-1}+...+\frac{a^2-1}{a-1}+\frac{a-1}{a-1}\right]\)
\(H=\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}.\left[\frac{a^n+a^{n-1}+...+a+1-\left(n+1\right)}{a-1}\right]\)
\(H=\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}.\left[\frac{a^n+a^{n-1}+...+a+1}{a-1}-\frac{n-1}{a-1}\right]\)
\(H=\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}.\left[\frac{a^{n+1}-1}{\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{n-1}{a-1}\right]\)
\(H=\frac{1}{a^{n+1}}.\left[\frac{a^{n+1}}{\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{1}{a-1}-\frac{n+1}{a-1}\right]\)
\(H=\frac{1}{\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{1}{a^{n+1}.\left(a-1\right)^2}-\frac{n+1}{a^{n+1}.\left(a-1\right)}< \frac{1}{\left(a-1\right)^2}\)(đpcm)
Xong rồi đó , phù.......