B. EXERCISE
I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. icon B. visual C. scenic D. disaster
2. A. territory B. Scottish C. often D. tornado
3. A. parade B. rage C. earthquake D. climate
4. A. source B. visit C. castle D. station
5. A. dead B. health C. great D. heavy
6. A. measure B. leather C. outbreak D. feather
7. A. treatment B. earplug C. hearing D. fear
8. A. poison B. visual C. measure D. pleasure
9. A. thermal B. litter C. permanent D. service
10.A. affect B. cholera C. pollutant D. radiation
II. Complete each sentence with an appropriate word. The first letter is given.
1. Have you made any friends from English s___________ countries?
2. We can’t see stars at night due to l___________ pollution.
3. This family is h___________ after Hurricane Florence destroyed their home.
4. The o___________ languages of Singapore are English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.
5. U___________ sewage directly pumped into rivers can cause water pollution.
6. When a t___________ touches down, it can destroy everything in its path.
7. The river has been p___________ with toxic waste from local factories.
8. Wellington is the c___________ of New Zealand.
9. A k___________ is a knee-length skirt worn by men in Scotland.
10. In summer, children often take part in a local or International summer c___________ .
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. Air pollution has many effects_________ the environment and living organisms.
A. in B. of C. for D. on
2. The volcano has erupted approximately once every ten years_________ 1970.
A. since B. in C. from D. for
3. After a severe storm, there is often_______along the shore that will need to be removed.
A. waste B. debris C. lava D. junk
4. In the 1980s, acid rain_________ widespread damage to forests in the areas.
A. made of B. resulted in C. led for D. caused by
5. _________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and water.
A. Even though B. While C. Since D. Because of
6. If I had the chance to take part in an international summer camp, I____very excited.
A. am B. was C. will be D. would be
7. _________ do earthquakes usually last? - Less than one minute.
A. How strong B. How long C.How often D. How far
8. Niagara Falls is a great natural_________ on the border of the USA and Canada.
A. castle B. loch C.spectacle D. Symbol
9. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was the most_____natural disaster in the history of this country.
A. destructive B. permanent C. unique D. awesome
10. “A hurricane is heading toward our hometown.” - “_________”
A. That’s a relief. B. How interesting! C. Glad to hear. D. Oh my God!
IV. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. A heatwave can lead in widespread drought and increase the risk of wildfires.
A B C D
2. Homeless people may be offered temporary accomodation by the council.
A B C D
3. The Sydney Opera House is a symbolize for not only a city but a whole country
and continent. A B C D
4. Noise pollution is thought having less damage to humans than water or air pollution.
A B C D
5. If people keep cutting down trees and they wipe out forests, there will be more floods. A B C
D
6. Have you come home before the tornado touched down this afternoon?
A B C D
7. The timetable shows that the next bus will leave in ten minutes.
A B C D
8. Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have built on its slopes.
A B C D
9. Despite of their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety.
A B C D
10. If people didn’t use cars, there will be much less pollution.
A B C D
V. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Alex_________ (not do) the gardening before it started raining.
2. The amount of plastic in the ocean_______ (increase) if we_____ (not take) action now.
3. Outdoor air pollution_____ (cause) more than 3 million deaths a year.
4. There_________ (be) more than 80,000 wildfires so far this year.
5. What would you do if you______ (catch) in a hurricane’s path?
6. By the time Hurricane Gilbert_____ (hit) Mexico it________(change) characteristics.
7. Heavy rains_________ (lash) the coast of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh in 2013.
8. In the early morning hours, tornado warnings___________(issue) for storms in Oklahoma.
9. Water pollution makes aquatic plants and animals_________ (die).
10. Survivors said that many people managed_________ (escape), but they could not run away fast enough.
VI. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. A natural disaster can cause_________ of life or property damage. (lose)
2. Human greenhouse gas emissions are causing______warming. (globe)
3. Kangaroos and koalas are only_______to Australia. (nation)
4. Hurricane Katrina was one of the_____hurricanes ever to hit the United States. (dead)
5. Filters do not remove all_________ from water. (contaminate)
6. Freak tornado leaves a trail of…………in its wake. (destroy)
7. _________ appeal to the government to enact laws to stop factories from discharging toxic chemicals into the sea. (environment)
8. Toxic pollution is contaminated water, soil, and air that is_________. (poison)
9. Pollution kills more people than both war and_________. (violent)
10. English is the most widely_________ language worldwide, with 1.5 billion speakers. (speak)
VII. Choose the best answer.
Many human activities over the last 200 years have been responsible (1) ________ polluting the air and damaging people’s health. Automobile engines and power plants burn combustible (2) ________ like gasoline and coal and allow toxic gases and smoke to escape into the air. Some pollutants destroy the ozone layer, which is the thin blanket of gases that (3) ________ Earth from the Sun’s dangerous ultraviolet rays. Other pollutants contribute to (4) ________ warming by adding to the planet’s natural greenhouse effect. Still others create acid rain, a phenomenon that has disastrous (5) ________ on lake and forest habitats. Air pollution is not limited to industrial areas. Depending on the direction of the wind and its force, air pollutants may (6) ________ spread to other countries very far from the source of the pollution.
Big cities like Los Angeles and Mexico City are often covered by smog, a fog that occurs (7) ________ air pollution. In 1952, the City of London, England, was enveloped by smog so thick that people on the streets had to feel their way around by (8) ________ the walls of buildings!
1. A. for B. of C. to D. with
2. A. chemicals B. means C. fuels D. matters
3. A. covers B. protects C. stops D. damages
4. A. environmental B. thermal C. temperature D. global
5. A. affects B. causes C. sources D. effects
6. A. never B. even C. ever D. hardly
7. A. because of B. in spite of C. instead of D. due of
8. A. climbing B. walking C. touching D. putting up
VIII. Read the passage. Answer the questions below.
Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all the same weather phenomenon; we just use different names for these storms in different places. In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term “hurricane” is used. The same type of disturbance in the Northwest Pacific is called a “typhoon” and “cyclones” occur in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean. The ingredients for these storms include a pre-existing weather disturbance, warm tropical oceans, moisture, and relatively light winds. If the right conditions persist long enough, they can combine to produce the violent winds, incredible waves, torrential rains, and floods we associate with this phenomenon. In the Atlantic, hurricane season officially runs from June 1st to November 30th. However, while 97 percent of tropical activity occurs during this time period, there is nothing magical in these dates, and hurricanes have occurred outside of these six months.
1. Which name is used for very big storms in Northwest Pacific?
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2. Where is the name “cyclones” used?
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3. What are the features of the severe storms which occur within a long time?
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4. When do hurricanes often occur?
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5. Is it possible that hurricanes can occur even when it is not hurricane season?
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IX. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. Pollution affects the environment in many ways.
The environment_______________________________________________________
2. It’s impossible for us to predict when the earthquake will happen.
We__________________________________________________________________
3. Some farmers are overusing chemicals in their crops.
Chemicals____________________________________________________________
4. Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you will waste water.
If you________________________________________________________________
5. Since the invention of special computers, the paths of hurricanes have been predicted.
Since special computers__________________________________________________
6. The weather is bad, so we can’t go hiking in the mountains.
If the weather__________________________________________________________
7. What was the height of the waves in the Japan tsunami 2011?
How_________________________________________________________________8. It’s my opinion that you should study English in the UK.
If____________________________________________________________________9. Global warming will affect specific regions in different ways.
Specific regions________________________________________________________
10. It’s two years since the Hawaii volcano erupted.
The Hawaii volcano_____________________________________________________
B
C