Cho các số thực a,b,c thỏa mãn điều kiện \(a\ge1,b\ge1,c\ge1\)
Chứng minh rằng : \(\dfrac{1}{2a-1}+\dfrac{1}{2b-1}+\dfrac{1}{2c-1}+\dfrac{4ab}{ab+1}+\dfrac{4bc}{bc+1}+\dfrac{4ac}{ac+1}\ge9\)
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* Vì \(a,b\ge1\)nên \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)
Một cách tương tự: \(bc+1\ge b+c;ca+1\ge c+a\)
Với mọi số thực \(a\ge1\) ta luôn có: \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2\ge2a-1\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2a-1}\ge\frac{1}{a^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{2b-1}\ge\frac{1}{b^2};\frac{1}{2c-1}\ge\frac{1}{c^2}\)
Từ đó suy ra \(VT\ge\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{4ab}{ab+1}+\frac{4bc}{bc+1}+\frac{4ca}{ca+1}\)\(=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+4-\frac{4}{ab+1}+4-\frac{4}{bc+1}+4-\frac{4}{ca+1}\)\(\ge\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}-\frac{4}{ab+1}-\frac{4}{bc+1}-\frac{4}{ca+1}+12\)\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\frac{4}{a+b}-\frac{4}{b+c}-\frac{4}{c+a}+12\)\(=\left(\frac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\frac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+2b^2}=a-\dfrac{2ab^2}{a^2+2b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=a-\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\ge a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+b+b\right)=a-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+2b\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+2c^2}\ge b-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(b+2c\right);\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+2a^2}\ge c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(c+2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+2b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+2c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+2a^2}\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(a+2b+b+2c+c+2a\right)=a+b+c-\dfrac{2}{9}\left(3a+3b+3c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{abc}=1\)Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c^2+1\right)-1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}+12\)
Mặt khác \(a;b;c\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\) (và tương tự...)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+12\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+1+1+1+9\)
\(VT\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)