Chứng minh rằng với mọi số nguyên dương \(n\ge2\) ta có:
\(2< \left(1+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)^n< 3\)
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LT
0
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
25 tháng 3 2023
\(1-\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)-3}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+3\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1.5}{2.4}.\dfrac{2.6}{3.5}.\dfrac{3.7}{4.6}...\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+3\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1.2.3...\left(n-1\right)}{2.3.4...n}.\dfrac{5.6.7...\left(n+3\right)}{4.5.6...\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{n}.\dfrac{n+3}{4}=\dfrac{n+3}{4n}=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4n}>\dfrac{1}{4}\) (đpcm)
DK
0
28 tháng 3 2017
Đặt :
\(A=\dfrac{3}{9.14}+\dfrac{3}{14.19}+......................+\dfrac{3}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}\)
\(A.\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{5}{9.14}+\dfrac{5}{14.19}+..................+\dfrac{5}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+1\right)}\)
\(A.\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{14}-\dfrac{1}{19}+..................+\dfrac{1}{5n-1}-\dfrac{1}{5n+4}\)
\(A.\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{5n+4}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{5n+4}\right):\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{5n+\text{4}}\right).\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{3}{5}-\dfrac{1}{5n+4}.\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{5.\left(5n+4\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{15}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Chúc bn học tốt!!!!!!!!!!
14 tháng 1 2017
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)n}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{n}\right)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1.\dfrac{1}{n}+C_n^2.\dfrac{1}{n^2}+...+C_n^n.\dfrac{1}{n^n}\)
\(=1+1+C_n^2.\dfrac{1}{n^2}+C_n^3.\dfrac{1}{n^3}+...+C_n^n.\dfrac{1}{n^n}\)
\(=2+C_n^2.\dfrac{1}{n^2}+C_n^3.\dfrac{1}{n^3}+...+C_n^n.\dfrac{1}{n^n}>2\)
Mặt khác:
\(C_n^k.\dfrac{1}{n^k}=\dfrac{n!}{k!\left(n-k\right)!.n^k}=\dfrac{\left(n-k+1\right)\left(n-k+2\right)...n}{n^k}.\dfrac{1}{k!}< \dfrac{n.n...n}{n^k}.\dfrac{1}{k!}=\dfrac{n^k}{n^k}.\dfrac{1}{k!}=\dfrac{1}{k!}\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{k\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{k-1}-\dfrac{1}{k}\)
Do đó:
\(C_n^2.\dfrac{1}{n^2}+C_n^3.\dfrac{1}{n^3}+...+C_n^n.\dfrac{1}{n^n}< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow2+C_n^2.\dfrac{1}{n^2}+C_n^3.\dfrac{1}{n^3}+...+C_n^n.\dfrac{1}{n^n}< 2+1=3\) (đpcm)