đề: tìm x E Z:
a) 23 chia hết cho x +1
b) 17 chia hết cho x-1
c) 5 x +7 chia hết cho x+1
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a, x+3 chia hết cho x-1
Ta có: x+3=(x+1)+2
=> 2 chia hết cho x+1
=>x+1 thuộc Ư(2)= {1, -1, 2, -2}
=> x thuộc {0,-2, 1, -3}
b.
b,3x chia hết cho x-1
c,2-x chia hết cho x+1
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}=\dfrac{x-1+4}{x-1}=1+\dfrac{4}{x-1}\)
Để (x + 3) \(⋮\left(x-1\right)\) thì 4 \(⋮\left(x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) x - 1 = 1; x - 1 = -1; x - 1 = 2; x - 1 = -2; x - 1 = 4; x - 1 = -4
*) x - 1 = 1
x = 2
*) x - 1 = -1
x = 0
*) x - 1 = 2
x = 3
*) x - 1 = -2
x = -1
*) x - 1 = 4
x = 5
*) x - 1 = -4
x = -3
Vậy x = 5; x = 3; x = 2; x = 0; x = -1; x = -3
Bài 1:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)
`**x in NN`
`a)x+12 vdots x-4`
`=>x-4+16 vdots x-4`
`=>16 vdots x-4`
`=>x-4 in Ư(16)={+-1,+-2,+-4,+-16}`
`=>x in {3,5,6,2,20}` do `x in NN`
`b)2x+5 vdots x-1`
`=>2x-2+7 vdots x-1`
`=>7 vdots x-1`
`=>x-1 in Ư(7)={+-1,+-7}`
`=>x in {0,2,8}` do `x in NN`
`c)2x+6 vdots 2x-1`
`=>2x-1+7 vdots 2x-1`
`=>7 vdots 2x-1`
`=>2x-1 in Ư(7)={+-1,+-7}`
`=>2x in {0,2,8,-6}`
`=>x in {0,1,4}` do `x in NN`
`d)3x+7 vdots 2x-2`
`=>6x+14 vdots 2x-2`
`=>3(2x-2)+20 vdots 2x-2`
`=>2x-2 in Ư(20)={+-1,+-2,+-4,+-5,+-10,+-20}`
Vì `2x-2` là số chẵn
`=>2x-2 in {+-2,+-4,+-10,+-20}`
`=>x-1 in {+-1,+-2,+-5,+-10}`
`=>x in {0,2,3,6,11}` do `x in NN`
Thử lại ta thấy `x=0,x=2,x=6` loại
`e)5x+12 vdots x-3`
`=>5x-15+17 vdots x-3`
`=>x-3 in Ư(17)={+-1,+-17}`
`=>x in {2,4,20}` do `x in NN`
a) Ta có: \(x+12⋮x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16⋮x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\inƯ\left(16\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;8;-8;16;-16\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{5;3;6;2;8;0;12;-4;20;-12\right\}\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;5;3;6;2;8;20\right\}\)
b) Ta có: \(2x+5⋮x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7⋮x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;8;-6\right\}\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;2;8\right\}\)
c) Ta có: \(2x+6⋮2x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7⋮2x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1\inƯ\left(7\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-1\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\in\left\{2;0;8;-6\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;0;4;-3\right\}\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;1;4\right\}\)
d) Ta có: \(3x+7⋮2x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x+14⋮2x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20⋮2x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4;5;-5;10;-10;20;-20\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2;7;-3;12;-8;22;-18\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};2;0;3;-1;\dfrac{7}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};6;-4;11;-9\right\}\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{2;0;3;6;11\right\}\)
e) Ta có: \(5x+12⋮x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27⋮x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3;9;-9;27;-27\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{4;2;6;0;12;-6;30;-24\right\}\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{4;2;6;0;12;30\right\}\)
Lời giải:
Cần bổ sung điều kiện $x$ là số nguyên.
a.
$2x+5\vdots x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2(x+1)+3\vdots x+1$
$\Rightarrow 3\vdots x+1$
$\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 3\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0; -2; 2; -4\right\}$
b.
$-x-5\vdots -x-1$
$\Rightarrow (-x-1)-4\vdots -x-1$
$\Rightarrow 4\vdots -x-1$
$\Rightarrow -x-1\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 4\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{0; -2; 1; -3; 3; -5\right\}$
a: =>2x+2+3 chia hêt cho x+1
=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;2;-4\right\}\)
b: =>x+5 chia hết cho x+1
=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)
=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3;3;-5\right\}\)
a) \(17⋮x-1\Rightarrow x-1\in\text{Ư}\left(17\right)=\left\{1;-1;17;-17\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;18;-16\right\}\)
Mà x thuộc N.
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{2;0;18\right\}\)
b) \(10⋮x-7\Rightarrow x-7\in\text{Ư}\left(10\right)=\left\{1;2;5;10;-1;-2;-5;-10\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{8;9;12;17;6;5;2;-3\right\}\)
Mà x thuộc N.
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{8;9;12;17;6;5;2\right\}\)
c) \(\frac{x+5}{x+1}=\frac{x+1+4}{x+1}=1+\frac{4}{x+1}\)
\(\frac{4}{x+1}\Rightarrow x+1\in\text{Ư}\left(4\right)=\left\{1;2;4;\right\}\)
(*) Loại giá trị x âm do x thuộc N.
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;1;3\right\}\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;1;3\right\}\)
Vì 17\(⋮\)x-1=>x-1ϵƯ(7)={1;7}
Với x-1=1=>x=2
x-1=17=>x=18
Vậy xϵ{2;18}
a 22
b 18
c 0 và 56