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Ta vó nH2 = \(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\) = 0,6 ( mol )
2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,4.......0,6...........0,4........0,6
=> mAl = 27 . 0,4 = 10,8 ( gam )
=> %mAl = \(\dfrac{10,8}{27}\) . 100 = 40 %
=> %mZn = 100 - 40 = 60 %
=> mZnO = 27 - 10,8 = 16,2 ( gam )
=> nZnO = \(\dfrac{16,2}{81}\) = 0,2 ( mol )
ZnO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) ZnCl2 + H2O
0,2........0,4.........0,2
=> mHCl = ( 0,4 + 0,6 ) . 36,5 = 36,5 ( gam )
=> mHCl cần dùng = 36,5 : 29,2 . 100 = 125 ( gam )
=> mAlCl3 = 0,4 . 133,5 = 53,4 ( gam )
=> mZnCl2 = 136 . 0,2 = 27,2 ( gam )
Mdung dịch = Mtham gia - MH2
= 27 + 125 - 0,6 . 2
= 150,8 ( gam )
==> C%AlCl3 = \(\dfrac{53,4}{150,8}\times100\approx35,4\%\)
=> C%ZnCl2 = \(\dfrac{27,2}{150,8}\times100\approx18,04\%\)
a, PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{14,8}.100\%\approx72,97\%\\\%m_{MgO}\approx27,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14,8-0,4.27}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+n_{MgO}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,7.98=68,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{68,6}{10\%}=686\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 14,8 + 686 - 0,6.2 = 699,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.342}{699,6}.100\%\approx9,78\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{699,6}.100\%\approx1,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nAl = 0,3 : 3 . 2 = 0,2 (mol)
nHCl (Al) = 0,3 . 2 = 0,6 (mol)
mAl = 0,2 . 27 = 5,4 (g)
%mAl = 5,4/25,65 = 20,05%
%mZnO = 100% - 20,05% = 79,95%
mZnO = 25,65 - 5,4 = 20,25 (g)
nZnO = 20,25/81 = 0,25 (mol)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O
nHCl (ZnO) = 0,25 . 2 = 0,5 (mol)
nHCl (đã dùng) = 0,6 + 0,5 = 1,1 (mol)
CMddHCl = 1,1/0,1008 = 10,9M
C% = (10,9 . 36,5)/(10 . 1,19) = 33,43%
Tiếp bài của creeper nhé:
c. Ta có: \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4,86}{81}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{ZnO}=2.0,06=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl}=0,12+0,2=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{11,68}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=12\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{292}{3}\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(D=\dfrac{\dfrac{292}{3}}{V_{dd_{HCl}}}=1,2\)(g/ml)
=> \(V_{dd_{HCl}}=81,1\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2A1+2NAOH+2H_2O-2NaA10_2+H_2O\)
\(AI_2O_3=2NaOH+2NaOHA10_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{AI}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{AI}=27.0,4=10,8\left(gam\right);mAI_2O_3=31,2-10,8=20,4\left(gam\right)\)
Biết làm mỗi câu A
Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
ZnO+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2O
nH2=0.2(mol)->nZn=0.2(mol).mZn=13(g)
mZnO=21.1-13=8.1(g)
nZnO=0.1(mol)
Tổng nHCl cần dùng:0.2*2+0.1*2=0.6(mol)
mHCl=21.9(g)
C%ddHCl=21.9:200*100=10.95%
n muối=0.2+.1=0.3(mol)
m muối=40.8(g)
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1)
ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O (2)
a) nH2= 13,44/22.4=0.6(mol) -> mH2=0,6.2=1,2(g)
Theo PTHH: nAl = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6= 0,4(mol) -> mAl = 0,4 . 27=10,8(g)
-> mZnO = 27-10,8= 16,2(g)
b) nZnO = 16,2/81=0,2(mol)
Theo PTHH (2): nHCl = 2nZnO=2.0,2=0,4(mol)
Theo PTHH (1) : nHCl=2nH2=2.0,6=1,2(mol)
-> \(\Sigma\)nHCl = 0,4+1,2=1,6(mol)
-> mHCl = 1,6.36,5= 58,4(g)
-> mddHCl = 58,4.100/29,2= 200(g)
c) Theo PTHH (1): nAlCl3 = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6=0,4(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,4.133,5=53,4(g)
mdd sau phản ứng= mA + mddHCl - mH2 =27+200-1,2 =225,8(g)
-> C% AlCl3 = 53,4.100%/225,8 = 20,88%
Theo PTHH (2) nZnCl2 =nZnO= 0,2(mol)-> mZnCl2=0,2.136=27,2(g)
-> C% ZnCl2= 27,2.100%/255,8=10,63%
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