tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất: A=x ^{ 2 } +5y ^{ 2 } -4xy-2y+2x+2010
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Ta có: 5x2+10y2-6xy-4x-2y +3= x2 -6xy +(3y)2 +4x2 +y2 -4x -2y +3
= (x - 3y)2 +(2x)2 -4x+1+ y2 -2y+1 +1
= (x-3y)2 + (2x -1)2 + (y-1)2 +1
Ta có :(x-3y)2 luôn lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0
(2x -1)2 luôn lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0
(y-1)2 luôn lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0
=>(x-3y)2 + (2x -1)2 + (y-1)2 luôn lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0
=>(x-3y)2 + (2x -1)2 + (y-1)2 +1 >0
ta có:\(A=x^2+5y^2-4xy-2y+2x+2010\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+y^2-4xy-4y+2y+2x+1+1+2008\)
\(=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(2x-4y\right)+1+\left(y^2+2x+1\right)+2008\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2+2\left(x-2y\right)+1+\left(y+1\right)^2+2008\)
\(=\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2008\)
Vì: (x-2y+1)2+(y+1)>0 với \(\forall x;y\)
do đó: (x-2y+1)2+(y+1)+2008 > 2008 với \(\forall x;y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x-2y+1=0 và y+1=0
ta có:
y+1=0=>y=0-1=>y=-1
thay y=-1 và x-2y+1=0
=>x-2.(-1)+1=0
=>x+2+1=0
=>x+2=-1
=>x=-1-2
=>x=-3
vậy \(A_{min}=2008\) khi x=-3 hoặc x=-1
đặt biểu thức là A. Ta có:
A=x2 - 4xy + 5y2 - 2y + 28
= (x2-4xy+4y2) + (y2-2y +1)+27
=(x-2y)2 + (y-1)2 + 27
vì (x-2y)2 ≥ 0; (y-1)2 ≥ 0 ⇔ A ≥ 27
⇔\(\left[\begin{array}{} (x-2y)^2=0\\ (y-1)^2 =0 \end{array} \right.\) ⇔\(\left[\begin{array}{} x=2\\ y=1\end{array} \right.\)
Vậy, Min A=27 khi x=2; y=1
F = 5x2 + 2y2 + 4xy - 2x + 4y + 8
F = ( 4x2 + 4xy + y2 ) + ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 + 4y + 4 ) + 3
F = ( 2x + y )2 + ( x - 1 )2 + ( y + 2 )2 + 3
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+y\right)^2\\\left(x-1\right)^2\\\left(y+2\right)^2\end{cases}}\ge0\forall x,y\Rightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3\ge3\forall x,y\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y=0\\x-1=0\\y+2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy MinF = 3 <=> x = 1 , y = -2
G = 5x2 + 5y2 + 8xy + 2y + 2020
= x2 + ( 4x2 + 8xy + 4y2 ) + ( y2 + 2y + 1 ) + 2019
= x2 + ( 2x + 2y )2 + ( y + 1 )2 + 2019
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\\\left(2x+2y\right)^2\\\left(y+1\right)^2\end{cases}}\ge0\forall x,y\Rightarrow x^2+\left(2x+2y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2019\ge2019\forall x,y\)
Tuy nhiên đẳng thức không xảy ra :P
\(VT=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\\ =\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2=VP\)
VT\(=\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2\cdot\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(-x^2+4xy-5y^2-8y-18\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4xy+4y\right)-\left(y^2+8y+16\right)-2\)
\(=-\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(y+4\right)^2-2\)
Vì \(-\left(x+2y\right)^2\le0;-\left(y+4\right)^2\le\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(y+4\right)^2-2< 0\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
a) \(-x^2+4xy-5y^2-8y-18=-\left(x^2-4xy+5y^2+8y+18\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+8y+16\right)+2\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2+2\right]\)
Vì \(\left(x-2y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\); \(\left(y+4\right)^2\ge0\forall y\); \(2>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2+2>0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+4\right)^2+2\right]< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow-x^2+4xy-5y^2-8y-18\)luôn âm với mọi x ( đpcm )
ta có D=x^2 +2.y^2 -2xy+4x-5y-12
<=>D=(x^2 +y^2 +4 -2xy-4y+4x) +[y^2 -2.y.(1/2) +1/4] -1/4+8
<=>D=(x-y+2)^2 +(y-1/2)^2 +31/4
mà (x-y+2)^2 >= 0 và (y-1/2)^2>=0 nên (x-y+2)^2 +(y-1/2)^2 +31/4 >= 31/4
dấu '=' xảy ra khi :y-1/2=0 và x-y+2=0 <=> y=1/2 và x=-3/2
vậy GTNN của D là 31/4 khi x=-3/2, y=1/2
\(A=x^2-20x+101=\left(x-10\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(minA=1\Leftrightarrow x=10\)
\(B=2x^2+40x-1=2\left(x+10\right)^2-201\ge-201\)
\(minB=-201\Leftrightarrow x=-10\)
\(C=x^2-4xy+5y^2-2y+28=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+27=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+27\ge27\)
\(minC=27\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2-7x-10\right)=\left(x^2-7x+10\right)\left(x^2-7x+10\right)=\left(x^2-7x\right)^2-100\ge-100\)
\(minD=100\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(A=x^2-20x+101\)
\(=x^2-20x+100+1\)
\(=\left(x-10\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=10
b: ta có: \(B=2x^2+40x-1\)
\(=2\left(x^2+20x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+20x+100-\dfrac{201}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+10\right)^2-201\ge-201\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-10
a, B=x2+4xy+y2+x2-8x+16+2012
B=(x+y) 2+(x-4)2+2012
Vậy B >=2012 ( Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=4,y=-4)
b làm tương tự
c, 9x2+6x+1+y2-4y+4+x2-4xz+4z2=0
(3x+1)2+(y-4)2+(x-2z)2=0
Vậy 3x+1=0 => x = -1/3
y-4=0 => y=4
x-2z=0 thế x=-1/3 ta được. -1/3-2z=0 => z = -1/6
Bạn nhớ ghi lại đề minh không ghi đề
a) \(B=2x^2+y^2+2xy-8x+2028\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-8x+4^2\right)+2012=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-4\right)^2+2012\ge2012\)
\(MinB=2012\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=-4\end{cases}}\)
b)\(C=x^2+5y^2+4xy+2x+2y-7\)
\(=\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(2x+4y\right)+1+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)-9\)
\(=\left(\left(x+2y\right)^2+2\left(x+2y\right)+1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2-9=\left(x+2y+1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2-9\ge9\)
\(MinC=-9\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+2y+1=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
c)\(10x^2+y^2+4z^2+6x-4y-4xz+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+\left(x^2-4xz+4z^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(x-2z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x+1=0\\y-2=0\\x-2z=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{3}\\y=2\\z=-\frac{1}{6}\end{cases}}\)
\(A=x^2+5y^2-4xy-2y+2x+2010\)
\(=\left[x^2-2x\left(2y-1\right)+\left(2y-1\right)^2\right]+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+2008\)
\(=\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2008\ge2008\)
\(minA=2008\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left[\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+2\left(x-2y\right)+1\right]+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+2008\\ A=\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+2\left(x-2y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+1\right)^2+2008\\ A=\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+2008\ge2008\\ A_{min}=2008\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)